Exp 6 Lab Report

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Oct 30, 2023

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Conversion of Momentum Exp. 6: Conversion of Momentum Hailey Abell William Wagner Physics 1100L Lab 13 October 2023 ABSTRACT An experiment was performed that involved momentum, and force. It is known that momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. The momentum, in this experiment, stays constant and does not have forces acting on it. Momentum is conserved when no outside forces are acting in the direction of the object.
INTRODUCTION Momentum can be described as the motion of a moving object that is measured by mass and velocity. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a system will remain the same if no outside forces act upon it. Forces that are perpendicular to motion are independent. Forces acting in the y-direction do not influence the object’s motion. The law of conservation of momentum was explored using an apparatus that consisted of a ball with a mass(m), a spring gun, a pendulum, and a receptacle using the following equation, where v is the velocity of the ball before impact and u is the velocity of the ball and pendulum system after impact and M is the total mass. mv = (m+M)u The velocity before impact can be determined using the following formula: v = R t The velocity after impact can be calculated using the formula below, where g is the acceleration of gravity and h is the height of the center of the mass of the pendulum ball system. u = √ 2 gh
PROCEDURE The experiment began by placing a piece of tape on the table to mark the location of the spring gun. The individual was then instructed to set up the apparatus for the experiment, by squeezing the ball and the trigger at the same time until it retracted back. Pressure was then applied to the trigger to shoot the ball, and a piece of carbon paper with another sheet of paper on top was placed on the floor and taped down to mark the spot. The next part instructed to shoot the ball five times, in which the ball would leave marks on the paper. The distance between the spring gun and the floor was then measured using a tape measure. These values were then recorded as the range. The velocity of the ball was then determined by shooting the ball into the pendulum and measuring the height of rise of the center of mass.
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DISCUSSION + RESULTS: Completely elastic collisions involve an occurrence in which objects bounce off each other when there is no change in speed. They occur when the sum of the masses and energies are the same before and after the collision. In contrast, inelastic conclusions involve a change in kinetic energy where momentum is conserved. Inelastic collisions happen when objects stick together to travel, instead of bouncing off. The expected ratio of kinetic energy before and after the collision was expected to be the same. The experimental value of kinetic energy before the experiment was 14,581,888.968. The kinetic energy after the experiment was 3113405.120. This prompted an experimental ratio of 4.68. 1. Compare the momentum of the system before impact with the momentum of the system after impact. Do they agree within the limits of experimental uncertainty? The momentum of the system before and after the experiment was very close. The energy lost was 1317 p a . The values were expected to be equal, but the values were quite close, so they were within the limits of experimental uncertainty. 2. Compare the kinetic energy of the system before impact with the kinetic energy of the system after impact. How much energy was lost? What happened to it? How well does the experimental ratio agree with the theoretical ratio of the kinetic energy before impact to the kinetic energy after impact? The Kinetic energy before was much greater than the kinetic energy after the experiment. The experimental ratio was 4.68. The theoretical ratio was 4.96. The amount of energy lost was 11,468,434 J, which is a significant amount. The experimental ratio was somewhat close to the theoretical ratio but not as close as expected. 3. Which measured quantity contributed most to the uncertainty in this experiment? The range contributed the most to the uncertainty in the experiment. 4. If we increase the mass of the ball by a small amount what effect would this have on the height to which the pendulum rises before coming to rest? The spring force applied by the spring gun does not change, however.
The height of the pendulum will not change if the mass of the ball is increased.

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