SCI238Assignment2Solutions - SCI 238 Online - Fall 2023

Use the table to answer questions 13 through 15. A student collects the following data about the Sun, stars, moon, and Earth. Time of Day Sun Visible Moon Visible Stars Visible 5 am Sun Location Near horizon Above horizon Overhead Yes No Yes 10 am No Yes No No 1 pm 5 pm 9 pm Yes No Near horizon No Yes No Not visible No Yes Yes O What research question is the student investigating? A. How long does it take Earth to rotate on its axis? B. Does the moon rotate at a faster rate than Earth does? C. How do the locations of the stars relate to the moon? D. What is the relationship between time of day and seeing objects in the sky?

3. A measurement taken from the UW Jacobson Observatory (Latitude: 47.660503°, Longitude: -122.309424°, Altitude: 220.00 feet) when its local sidereal time is 120.00° makes the following observations of a space object (Based on Curtis Problems 5.12 + 5.13): Azimuth: 225.00° Azimuth rate: 2.0000°/s. Elevation: 75.000° Elevation rate: -0.5000°/s Range: 1500.0 km Range rate: -1.0000 km/s a. What are the r & v vectors (the state vector) in geocentric coordinates? (Answer r = [-2503.47 v = [17.298 4885.2 5.920 5577.6] -2.663]) b. Calculate the orbital elements of the satellite. (For your thoughts: what type of object would this be?) (Partial Answer e = 5.5876, 0=-13.74°) Tip: use Curtis algorithms 5.4 and 4.2.

2) Calculate the difference in the geostationary altitude ( in km ) by by using solar day (24 hrs) and sidereal day (23hrs 56mins and 41 secs) 129.768 64.884 32.442 1000

Q5. (i) With the aid of a sketch show what the Prime Meridian is.(ii) What is the “Ecliptic” as named on a Celestial Sphere?(iii) In a location the mean solar time is 8hrs different from that of GreenwichMean Solar time. What is the longitude of this location?

Consider a planet of radius 10 x 106 m for which the length of a sidereal day is 5 x 104 s.  Calculate the speed you would have with respect to the center of the planet, in m/s, if you were at a latitude of 5 degrees north. (Please answer to the fourth decimal place - i.e 14.3225)

7. Suppose you are on a strange planet and observe, at night, that the stars do not rise and set, but circle parallel to the horizon. Next, you walk in a constant direction for 8000 miles, and at your new location on the planet, you find that all stars rise straight up in the east and set straight down in the west, perpendicular to the horizon. How could you determine the circumference of the planet without any further observations? What is the circumference, in miles, of the planet? [OER Chapter 2, Figuring for Yourself #43]

Ex. 10 : What would have be the duration of the year if the distance between earth and sun were half the present distance ?

TRUE OR FALSE only. 1. DIURNAL MOTION is caused by the daily motion of a planet on its axis. 2. Eudoxus was the first to propose that the sun is the center of the solar system. 3. The most perfect shape of the earth and universe according to Plato is cylindrical. 4. Ancient astronomers believed that the Earth did not move because there was no stellar parallax observed. 5. Galileo's observation of the planets supported the geocentric theory. 6. The planet closest to the sun has the shortest period of revolution about the sun. 7. In the proposed model by Copernicus, the earth was at the center of the universe. 8. Epicycles refer to the circular paths taken by planets. 9. The second law of planetary motion implies that the product of the velocity and the distance from the sun remain the same as a planet moves about the sun. 10. The first law implies that there is a common principle that governs the orbital motion of the planets.

Number 76

H3. A total lunar eclipse is observed on December 31. Predict the next lunar eclipse. A total lunar eclipse will occur when the full moon and the nominal orbit of the moon line up together (The solution of two equations). From the following data algebraic equation for the phase of the moon and nominal orbit of the moon can be formed. A new moon (0%) was observed on December 17 and the full moon (10%) was observed on December 31 along with the nominal orbit of the moon (0%). The brimming orbit of the moon (100%) was observed on November 29. When the two equations are equal a lunar eclipse will occur. How many days from December 31 will next lunar eclipse occur? Given the coming year is a leap year - on what dates will the next 4 total lunar eclipses occur? Show the algebraic solution, any information you use.

#4 please and Thankyou

The planet Earth has a semi-major axis of a = 1.00 AU and an orbital period of P= 1 sidereal year = 365.25 days = 3.156 x 10^7 s. Compute the orbital periods of bodies orbiting the Sun with each of the following semi-major axes. a) a = 0.1 AU b) a = 10 AU c) a = 100 AU d) a = 1000 AU e) a = 10,000 AU 1 AU = 1.496 x 10^8 km = 1.496 x 10^11 m = 1.496 x 10^13 cm. GM(sun) = 1.327 x 10^20 m^3/s^2 = (Newton's Constant) x (Mass of Sun) %3D %3D

friend are traveling the world and are currently in a city located precisely on the Earth's equator. You are staying in separate rooms at a fancy skyscraper hotel that is 50 floors tall. Your friend's room is several floors above yours. Your rooms are on the same side of the building and both of you have the same clear view of the horizon, which appears featureless and smooth because of a very flat desert. Through the window of your room, you watch the sunset over the smooth horizon from a height of 28 m above the ground, and you see the friend watches the sunset from a height of 104m above the ground, and sees the Sun disappear at a later time t2, as measured in his watch, which is perfectly synchronized with yours. Assuming that the Earth has a radius of 6378 km and that it completes a full revolution around its axis in 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds, determine the time interval At = t2 – ti between the two sunset observations. As a simplifying approximation, assume that the…

friend are traveling the world and are currently in a city located precisely on the Earth's equator. You are staying in separate rooms at a fancy skyscraper hotel that is 50 floors tall. Your friend's room is several floors above yours. Your rooms are on the same side of the building and both of you have the same clear view of the horizon, which appears featureless and smooth because of a very flat desert. Through the window of your room, you watch the sunset over the smooth horizon from a height of 28 m above the ground, and you see the of the Sun disappear at time ti on your watch. In his room, your friend watches the sunset from a height of 104 m above the ground, and sees the Sun disappear at a later time t2, as measured in his watch, which is perfectly synchronized with yours. Assuming that the Earth has a radius of 6378 km and that it completes a full revolution around its axis in 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds, determine the time interval At = t2 – tị between the two sunset…

1. Moon is at the distance 384400 km from Earth and orbits the Earth every ~28 days. If the radius of the Moon is 1737 km (consider it to be spherical), what is the area of the moon as measured by the observer on Earth? (Hint: Length contraction)

Illustrate  1. The relation between sidereal time, right ascension and hour angle of any point at a given instant2. The relation between sidereal and mean time at any instant

Why is a sidereal day shorter than a solar day? O A. precession of Earth's axis B. the non-circular orbit of Earth around the Sun C. the tilt of Earth's axis D. the combined effect of the rotation of Earth and its orbit about the Sun E. Earth year being a non-integer number of Earth days

Can earth be regarded as a point object when describing its yearly journey around the sun?a) Yesb) No

select the most accurate statement

Please help me with these questions as I seriously need help.  Much Appreciated