Lab 7 - Pendulum Lab

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lone Star College Physics 1401 Name: ______________________ Date: _________ Lab 7 – Pendulum Lab Objectives To investigate the pendulum system, and to experimentally determine the value of 𝑔 on Earth’s surface. Theoretical Model According to our understanding of the simple pendulum, the period of a pendulum with length 𝐿 and mass 𝑚 is given by where 𝑔 is the gravitational field at the location of the pendulum. Experimental Procedure • Go to the PhET simulation at https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/pendulum-lab . • Click on the “Lab” tab. • Select “Ruler” and “Timer” from the lower left corner. Do not select the “Period Timer”. Mass 1. Place a 100-g mass on a pendulum of length 0.50 m. 2. Press the “Pause” button just to the right of the stop button at the bottom of the screen. 3. Pull the pendulum upward so that the string makes an angle of 10° from vertical. 4. Hit the play button. 5. Use your stopwatch to record the time required for 10 complete oscillations of the pendulum (hint: wait until the pendulum reaches a maximum or minimum angle and start your stopwatch right at that moment!). We use 10 complete oscillations because it minimizes stopwatch timing errors by allowing us to take an average. Record your value in the Time column of the Data Table for Mass in the 100 g row.

2 6. Compute the time for a single cycle (one period) by dividing by 10 and enter it in the Experimental Period 𝑇 𝑒𝑥? column of the Data Table for Mass . 7. Calculate the theoretically predicted period using equation (1) and enter it in the Theoretical Period 𝑇 𝑡 ℎ 𝑒? column of the Data Table for Mass . Use 𝑔 = 9.80 m/s 2 . 8. Calculate the percent error between the theoretical and experimental periods and enter it in the Percent Error column of the Data Table for Mass . Your percent error should be quite low. If it is higher than 1 or 2% then you most likely either did your theoretical calculation incorrectly or made a timing error in your measurement. 9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 for the remaining masses in the Data Table for Mass . (Data Table:10 pts) Data Table for Mass (All lengths = 0.50 m) Mass Time (s) Experimental Period 𝑇 𝑒𝑥? (s) Theoretical Period ( 𝑇 𝑡 ℎ 𝑒? ) (s) Percent Error 100 g 300 g 500 g 700 g 900 g 1100 g 1300 g 1500 g Length 1. Hang a 100-gram mass on a pendulum of length 0.20 meters. 2. Press the “Pause” button just to the right of the stop button at the bottom of the screen. 3. Pull the pendulum upward so that the string makes an angle of 10° from vertical. 4. Hit the play button.

3 5. Use your stopwatch to record the time required for 10 complete oscillations of the pendulum. Record your value in the Time column of the Data Table for Length in the 0.20 m row. 6. Compute the time for a single cycle (one period) by dividing by 10 and enter it in the Experimental Period 𝑇 𝑒𝑥? column of the Data Table for Length . 7. Calculate the theoretically predicted period using equation (1) and enter it in the Theoretical Period 𝑇 𝑡 ℎ 𝑒? column of the Data Table for Length . Use 𝑔 = 9.80 m/s 2 . 8. Calculate the percent error between the theoretical and experimental periods and enter it in the Percent Error column of the Data Table for Length . Your percent error should be quite low. If it is higher than 1 or 2% then you most likely either did your theoretical calculation incorrectly or made a timing error in your measurement. 9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 for the remaining string lengths in the Data Table for Length . (Data Table:10 pts) Data Table for Length (All masses = 100 g) Length Time (s) Experimental Period 𝑇 𝑒𝑥? (s) Theoretical Period ( 𝑇 𝑡 ℎ 𝑒? ) (s) Percent Error 0.20 m 0.30 m 0.40 m 0.50 m 0.60 m 0.70 m 0.80 m 0.90 m 1.00 m

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