lab report collision

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Miami Dade College, Miami *

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2053L

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Luisa Narvaez Instructor: Wojciech Walecki, Ph.D. PHY 2053 L November 13,2023 Lab report Momentum, Energy, and Collisions The collision of two carts on a track can be described in terms of momentum conservation and, in some cases, energy conservation. If there is no net external force experienced by the system of two carts, then we expect the total momentum of the system to be conserved. This is true regardless of the force acting between the carts. In contrast, energy is only conserved when certain types of forces are exerted between the carts. Collisions are classified as elastic (kinetic energy is conserved), inelastic (kinetic energy is lost) or completely inelastic (the objects stick together after collision). Sometimes collisions are described as super-elastic if kinetic energy is gained. In this experiment, you can observe elastic and inelastic collisions and test for the conservation of momentum and energy. Figure 1 OBJECTIVES l Observe collisions between two carts, testing for the conservation of momentum. l Measure energy changes during diverse types of collisions. l Classify collisions as elastic, inelastic, or completely inelastic. MATERIALS LabQuest LabQuest App Vernier Dynamics Track with two Motion Encoder Track Strips Two Motion Encoder Receivers two Motion Encoder Carts with magnetic and hook-and-pile bumpers hex wrench (3/32 inch) (metal carts only)
PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS 1. Consider a head-on collision between two identical billiard balls. Ball 1 is initially in motion toward ball 2, which is initially at rest. After the collision, ball 2 departs with the same velocity that ball 1 originally had. Disregard any friction between the balls and the surface. What happens to ball one? What happens to ball two? Balls are identical: m1=m2 =m U1=v2=v U2=0 As no external force is acting on the system during the entire process, therefore, momentum of the system is conserved. After collision Ball 1 comes to rest and ball 2 travels with the same speed and same direction that ball 1 had before collision. Yes, momentum is conserved in this collision: As no external force is applied on the system, the net external force acting on the system is zero. Part (1) Ball 1 will come to rest after collision and Ball 2 will move with same speed and along same line. 2. Sketch a position vs. time graph for each ball in Preliminary Question 1, starting with the time before the collision starts and ending a brief time after the collision. This in an elastic collision so both momentum and energy are conserved (it is elastic because the two balls do not stick together) This assumes that the balls have the same mass Both momentum and Kinetic energy are conserved in elastic collisions. 3. Based on your graph from Preliminary Question 2, is momentum conserved in this collision? Is kinetic energy conserved? Yes, the momentum of the system is conserved. Yes, Kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
DATA TABLE Table 1 Part I Mass of cart 1 (kg) Mass of cart 2 (kg) Part II Mass of cart 1 (kg) Mass of cart 2 (kg) Part III Mass of cart 1 (kg) Mass of cart 2 (kg) Table 2 Bu m per type Run number Velocity of cart 1 before collision (m/s) Velocity of cart 2 before collision (m/s) Velocity of cart 1 after collision (m/s) Velocity of cart 2 after collision (m/s) Part I: Hook-and-pile 1 0.3988 0 0.1856 0.1811 Hook-and-pile 2 0.4347 0 0.2015 0.2001 Part II: Mixed 3 0.4511 0 0.2087 0.2017 Mixed 4 0.3190 0 -0.004319 0.2898 Part III: Magnetic 5 0.3067 0 0.003354 0.2711 Magnetic 6 0.2896 0 -0.006758 0.2516 Table 3 Run number Momentum of cart 1 before collision (kg•m/s) Momentum of cart 2 before collision (kg•m/s) Momentum of cart 1 after collision (kg•m/s) ++ Momentum of cart 2 after collision (kg•m/s) Total momentum before collision (kg•m/s) Total momentum after collision (kg•m/s) Ratio of total momentum after/before 1 0.1633 0 0.0760 0.0933 0.1633 0.1693 0.0307 2 0.1780 0 0.0823 0.1031 0.1780 0.1894 1.0415 3 0.1847 0 0.0854 0.1040 0.1847 0.1894 0.0.254 4 0.1306 0 -1.77*10^-3 0.1494 0.1306 0.1476 1.1301 5 0.1256 0 1.37*10^-3 0.1398 0.1256 0.1411 1.1234 6 0.1186 0 -2.78*10^-3 0.1297 0.1186 0.1269 0.0699 Table 4
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