lab report 3 - PHY2053L
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2053L
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Physics
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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6
Uploaded by inuyasha078
Cristian Acuna Vasquez
01/27/2020
PHY2053L
Title:
Atwood’s machine
Purpose:
To investigate and validate Newton’s seconds law of motion utilizing an Atwood’s
machine.
Background Information:
Force is a vector and measured in Newtons.
There are different
types of force, such as gravity, friction, applied force, normal force, etc.
Normal force is
perpendicular to the surface and is exerted by the surface. The force of gravity is equal to an
object’s mass multiplied by gravity. The sum of the forces, or net force, is equal to an object’s
mass multiplied by acceleration. Tension is the force applied by a rope, string, or cable. Tension
is the same throughout a string. Thus, there is only one value for tension in this lab. The Atwood
machine consists of a pulley, which connects two masses. When these masses are unequal, the
system will accelerate in the direction of the larger mass. The Atwood machine is used in
experiments to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration, which is a
valuable tool for
purpose of this experiment
to verify the predictions of Newton’s law. This law
predicts that the acceleration should be proportional to the difference between the masses and
proportional to their sum. A = [ (m
2
-m
1
) / (m
1
+m
2
) ] g.
In this lab, the acceleration of masses
will be identified both experimentally and theoretically. The system will begin at rest. Therefore,
having recorded the distance traveled and the time it took to do so, the experimental acceleration
will be calculated using kinematic equations.
Materials:
Computer, Vernier Computer interface, Logger Pro, Vernier Photogate with Ultra pulley
attachment, mass set, String 1.2 m long.
Procedure:
Setting up the Atwood’s machine apparatus with proper pulley and string.
Connect the
Photogate with Ultra pulley to a digital port of the interface.
Arrange a collection of masses on
m
2
and m
1
.
Tie the heavier mass to one end of the string.
Lace the other end of the string
through the pulley.
Tie the lighter mass to the other end of the string.
Turn on the machine
Photogate timer.
Release weight and
collect data via Vernier computer interface.
There will be
5 trials with increasing total mass, which is same amount of mass added to each weight and
another 5 trials with increasing mass difference, in which we will move masses from one side to
the other thus we will keep total mass the same.
Data:
Part I
Trail
M
1
(g)
M
2
(g)
Acceleration
(m/s
s
)
M diff
(m1-m2)
(g)
M
t
(g)
1
20
20
0.09
0
40
2
10
30
4.2
20
40
3
30
40
1.0
10
70
4
20
50
3.7
30
70
5
30
50
2.2
20
80
Part II
Trail
M
1
(g)
M
2
(g)
Acceleration
(m/s
s
)
M diff
(m1-m2)
(g)
M
t
(g)
1
10
20
2.7
10
30
2
20
30
3.7
10
50
3
30
40
1.0
10
70
4
40
50
2.9
10
90
5
50
60
0.8
10
110
Analysis
1. For each trial, calculate the difference between m
1
and m
2
.
Enter the results in labeled m
diff
Trail
M
1
(g)
M
2
(g)
M diff
(m1-m2)
(g)
1
10
30
20
2
30
50
20
3
20
40
20
4
20
50
30
5
20
20
0
6
10
20
10
7
20
30
10
8
30
40
10
9
40
50
10
10
50
60
10
2. For each trial, calculate the total mass in grams.
Enter the result in the column labeled m
T
Trail
M
1
(g)
M
2
(g)
M
t
(g)
1
10
30
30
2
30
50
80
3
20
40
60
4
20
50
70
5
20
20
40
6
10
20
30
7
20
30
50
8
30
40
70
9
40
50
90
10
50
60
110
3 . Graph of acceleration vs m
diff .
What is the relationship between the mass difference and the
acceleration of an Atwood’s machine?
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