Lab Volcano Ejecta 2017
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Lab: Ejecta of Historical Eruptions
Name: ________________
Purpose
To graph and project volume data as an area, in order to compare ejecta
from historical eruptions.
Procedure
1.
Use the data from the table to draw to scale the volcanic ejecta from different
eruptions around the world over time.
2.
Draw each volcano about the same small size, but ejected from it an ash cloud to
scale to compare the amount ejected.
Label each diagram.
3.
Plot the volume as an area: a circle.
Use graph paper.
The number of squares
equals the volume of volcano ejecta.
For example, count one and a half squares for
Mt St Helen’s ejecta of 1.5 km
3
. Five and a half squares for Mt Pinatubo, which are 2
squares by 2 squares plus one and a half more squares.
Count the squares as a
circle to represent an ash cloud as pictured below.
Bubble the edges to make it look
like a real ash cloud.
Your scale volcano ejecta should look like the following:
Questions
1.
Which was the largest eruption in the list?
2.
Which was the largest to occur in recorded human history?
3.
Examine each of the volcanoes listed on the reverse, and determine their size on the
volcanic explosivity index.
4.
How do scientists know the eruption in Yellowstone Park occurred if no one was
there to witness it?
5.
Explain why global cooling occurs after some but not all volcanoes.
6.
Compare the death toll from the eruptions of Nevado del Ruiz (1985) and Mt. St.
Helen’s (1980).
Why do you think the difference was so great?
7.
How do scientists determine the volume of volcano ejecta?
How accurately can this
number be determined?
Explain.
5.5 km
3
Date
Volcano
Eject
Volume
(km
3
)
VEI
Effects
1991
Mt. Pinatubo
5.5
500 people dead.
Huge vertical
ash cloud.
1985
Nevado del Ruiz
5
20 000 dead.
Mud slides
1982
El Chichon
1
200 dead.
Dust veil, ½
0
C global
cooling
1980
Mt. St. Helens
1.5
57 dead.
Ash.
Blast cloud.
Mud
slides
1963
Agung, Bali
2
1600 dead
1912
Katmai, Alaska
12
Dust veil.
1
0
C global cooling
1902
Pelee, Martinque
2
35 000 dead.
Glowing ash cloud
1883
Krakatoa, Indonesia
18
36 000 dead.
Tsunami.
Dust veil.
Global cooling
1835
Cosiguina, Nicaragua
18
10 000 dead.
Dust veil
1815
Tambora, Indonesia
100
12 000 dead.
Tsunami.
Dust veil.
Global cooling and famines 1816
1783
Laki, Iceland
17
10 000 dead.
Dust veil.
Lava
1104
Helkla, Iceland
12
Lava
934
Eldja, Iceland
10
Lava
186
Taupo, N.Z.
53
Blowing ash cloud.
Dust veil
79
Vesuvius
1
20 000 dead.
Ashfall
1550 BC
Thera, Greece
28
30 000 dead?
Tsunami.
Dust veil.
Caldera collapse
4600 BC
Mazama
42
Ashfall, glowing ash cloud, dust
veil, caldera collapse
70 000
before
the
present
Toba, Indonesia
800
Ash, sulfur, dust veil, worldwide
global cooling of several degrees,
near collapse of human race.
600 000
before
the
present
Yellowstone Park
1000
Ashfall, dust veil, giant caldera
collapse
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d
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