Lab Volcano Ejecta 2017

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University of British Columbia *

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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1.5 km 3 Lab: Ejecta of Historical Eruptions Name: ________________ Purpose To graph and project volume data as an area, in order to compare ejecta from historical eruptions. Procedure 1. Use the data from the table to draw to scale the volcanic ejecta from different eruptions around the world over time. 2. Draw each volcano about the same small size, but ejected from it an ash cloud to scale to compare the amount ejected. Label each diagram. 3. Plot the volume as an area: a circle. Use graph paper. The number of squares equals the volume of volcano ejecta. For example, count one and a half squares for Mt St Helen’s ejecta of 1.5 km 3 . Five and a half squares for Mt Pinatubo, which are 2 squares by 2 squares plus one and a half more squares. Count the squares as a circle to represent an ash cloud as pictured below. Bubble the edges to make it look like a real ash cloud. Your scale volcano ejecta should look like the following: Questions 1. Which was the largest eruption in the list? 2. Which was the largest to occur in recorded human history? 3. Examine each of the volcanoes listed on the reverse, and determine their size on the volcanic explosivity index. 4. How do scientists know the eruption in Yellowstone Park occurred if no one was there to witness it? 5. Explain why global cooling occurs after some but not all volcanoes. 6. Compare the death toll from the eruptions of Nevado del Ruiz (1985) and Mt. St. Helen’s (1980). Why do you think the difference was so great? 7. How do scientists determine the volume of volcano ejecta? How accurately can this number be determined? Explain. 5.5 km 3
Date Volcano Eject Volume (km 3 ) VEI Effects 1991 Mt. Pinatubo 5.5 500 people dead. Huge vertical ash cloud. 1985 Nevado del Ruiz 5 20 000 dead. Mud slides 1982 El Chichon 1 200 dead. Dust veil, ½ 0 C global cooling 1980 Mt. St. Helens 1.5 57 dead. Ash. Blast cloud. Mud slides 1963 Agung, Bali 2 1600 dead 1912 Katmai, Alaska 12 Dust veil. 1 0 C global cooling 1902 Pelee, Martinque 2 35 000 dead. Glowing ash cloud 1883 Krakatoa, Indonesia 18 36 000 dead. Tsunami. Dust veil. Global cooling 1835 Cosiguina, Nicaragua 18 10 000 dead. Dust veil 1815 Tambora, Indonesia 100 12 000 dead. Tsunami. Dust veil. Global cooling and famines 1816 1783 Laki, Iceland 17 10 000 dead. Dust veil. Lava 1104 Helkla, Iceland 12 Lava 934 Eldja, Iceland 10 Lava 186 Taupo, N.Z. 53 Blowing ash cloud. Dust veil 79 Vesuvius 1 20 000 dead. Ashfall 1550 BC Thera, Greece 28 30 000 dead? Tsunami. Dust veil. Caldera collapse 4600 BC Mazama 42 Ashfall, glowing ash cloud, dust veil, caldera collapse 70 000 before the present Toba, Indonesia 800 Ash, sulfur, dust veil, worldwide global cooling of several degrees, near collapse of human race. 600 000 before the present Yellowstone Park 1000 Ashfall, dust veil, giant caldera collapse
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