Lab 8 Torque (1)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab 8: Torque Aashna Arora Physics 141 Introduction The aim of this lab is to investigate the concept of torque in an equilibrium situation. Torque is defined as the rotational force that an object experiences and the following equations and . It depends on the position vector of the force relative to the pivot axis τ = 𝑟 × 𝐹 τ = 𝑟 ⊥ 𝐹 and the magnitude of the force itself. In equilibrium, the net torque acting on an object is zero which means that the torques cancel each other out. The lab utilizes a seesaw setup consisting of a rigid metal ruler with a straw on top attached to the center of the ruler. The straw serves as the pivot point and the ruler must be positioned horizontally with the markings facing up. The purpose is to balance the ruler by arranging different combinations of coins on each side of the pivot. The leverages or distances of the coins from the pivot are measured to calculate the torques exerted by each coin. Additionally, in this lab, I aim to determine the mass of a key ring and the mass of the metal ruler used by respectively balancing a coin opposite to the keyring on the seesaw and by balancing the coin against the pivot which is moved away from the center of the ruler. Procedure Equipment: ● A 12 inch metal ruler ● A single straw ● One keyring ● One set of coins including a quarter, dime, nickel and penny ● Two stacks of sticky notes set at the same height ● Tape ● An iPhone 13 Activity 1: Assembling the seesaw 1. I attached a straw to the center of the metal ruler, ensuring it is positioned on top of the ruler so that the markings are facing upwards. 2. I placed the two stacks at equal height so that the ends of the straw rested on them and kept the ruler above the table surface. Activity 2: Balancing two coins 1. I select two coins and place them on opposite sides of the seesaw, adjusting their positions accordingly so that the seesaw is balanced horizontally. 2. I then took a picture of the equilibrium setup with the two coins and recorded their positions. 3. I then calculated the torque exerted by each coin on the seesaw.

4. I compared the magnitudes of the two torques and calculated the percent difference using the formula . % ?𝑖???𝑟?𝑛?? = 100 × τ 1 −τ 2 | | τ 𝑎𝑣?𝑟𝑎?? 5. I then repeated the steps with all the possible combinations of the two coin balances. This includes: nickel + quarter, penny + nickel, nickel + dime, quarter + penny, quarter + dime, penny + dime. 6. Then, I recorded all the data and calculations in a data table. Activity 3: Finding the mass of the keyring 1. I balanced the keyring on one side of the seesaw using a nickel on the other side. 2. I adjusted the positions until the seesaw was in equilibrium and then I took a picture of the setup. 3. I then recorded the positions of the coin and the keyring. 4. I then used the equilibrium condition to calculate the mass of the keyring. 5. I repeated this process using the other coins in place of the nickel coin. 6. I found the average of the four measurements and recorded all data in a data table. Activity 4: Finding the mass of the ruler 1. I moved the pivot away from the center of the ruler. 2. I balanced the weight of the ruler using a nickel alone on one side of the seesaw. 3. I took a picture of the setup and recorded the positions of the pivot and the coin. 4. I applied the equilibrium condition to calculate the mass of the ruler. 5. I then repeated this procedure using the other coins in place of the nickel. 6. I then found the average of the four measurements and recorded all the data in a data table. Results Activity 2: A quarter vs a nickel on the seesaw.

A penny vs a nickel on the seesaw. A dime vs a nickel on the seesaw. A quarter vs a penny on the seesaw.

A quarter vs a dime on the seesaw. A penny vs a dime on the seesaw. Activity 3: A nickel vs a keyring on the seesaw.

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