Lab 6 PhET Blackbody Simulation

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PhET - Blackbody Spectrum Introduction In the following questions, you will use the Blackbody Spectrum PhET Simulation to investigate how the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by objects is affected by the object's temperature. In this simulation:  Check the boxes for “Graph Values” and “Labels”  Use the slider next to the thermometer to change the temperature and observe the change in the spectrum of the radiation emitted.  After selecting “Graph Values”, put the cursor over the vertical dotted line. Then you can left click with the mouse and move to the left or right. The dot will move along the curve and you can read the amount of light at each wavelength. Below is a reminder of the categories of the electromagnetic spectrum: Part 1 Characteristics of the Blackbody Spectrum of an Incandescent Light Bulb (4 points ) 1. Set the temperature of the blackbody to 3000 K. This is approximately the temperature of the tungsten filament in an incandescent light bulb, which is a good blackbody. 2. Use the zoom tools so that you can observe a large peak (4 on the vertical axis and 3 on the horizontal axis would be good.) Look at the information on each axis. On the vertical axis is “Spectral Power Density”. This is the amount of light given off at that wavelength and we can think of it as the intensity of the light. On the horizontal axis is the wavelength of the light. The units are in micrometers (mm) and we will need to know the values in nanometers (nm). 1 mm = 1000 nm. This means that if the value on the x-axis is 0.550 mm, then the value in nanometers is 550 nm. 3. Based on the graph, does the light bulb produce visible light? How can you tell? 4. Does the light bulb produce X-rays? How can you tell? 5. In the spectrum made by the light bulb, which wavelength is most intense and how would you classify it? Wavelength _______________________ Type:_____________________ 6. Given your answer to #3 is an incandescent light bulb very good for its intended use? Explain and suggest alternatives. 7. Based on the shape of the graph would you expect the light bulb to emit radio waves? Would the amount be significant? Explain.

PhET - Blackbody Spectrum 8. Click the camera button . This will save the curve and it will turn gray. Part 2 Comparing Spectra of Different Objects (4 points) 1. Set the temperature to 600 K, this is comparable to the temperature in a very hot oven. Notice that the RED line is the radiation emitted by the oven. The line should appear flat, but it isn’t. Zoom the y-axis in to read 0 . 001 (1x10 -3 ) and zoom the x-axis out to 6. 2. How is the curve produced by the oven similar to the curve produced by the light bulb? 3. How is the curve produced by the oven different from the curve produced by the light bulb? 4. If the power goes out in your kitchen, could you see in the dark using light from hot oven? Explain. 5. Set the temperature to 5800K. This is approximately the surface temperature of the Sun. You’ll need to zoom in on the horizontal axis and zoom out on the vertical axis. 6. Compare the most intense wavelength produced by the light bulb to the most intense produced by the Sun . 7. Explain the relationship you see between the radiation emitted by the sun and the visible spectrum. 8. Is there evidence of the sun producing harmful ultraviolet radiation? Explain.

PhET - Blackbody Spectrum Part 3 The relationship between peak wavelength and temperature. (3 points) 1. Now you will explore the relationship between peak wavelength and temperature. For the following temperatures, determine the peak wavelength using the ruler tool to help you line-up the peak with the x-axis. Be careful to make sure your wavelength is in nm! 2. What relationship do you see between temperature and peak wavelength? Part 4 Applying Blackbody Curves to Stars (2 points) The temperature of stars in the universe varies with the type of star and the age of the star among other things. By looking at the shape of the spectrum of light emitted by a star, we can tell something about its average surface temperature. 1. If we observe a star's spectrum and find that the peak power occurs at the border between red and infrared light, what is the approximate surface temperature of the star? (in kelvin) 2. If we observe a star’s spectrum and find that the peak power occurs at the border between blue and ultraviolet light, what is the surface temperature of the star? (in kelvin) Temperature (K) Peak Wavelength (nm!) 600 K 1200 K 2500 K 3500 K 4500 K 5500 K

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PhET - Blackbody Spectrum Summary (2 points) Write a short summary for this lab, including what you learned doing the activities.

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