Circular Motion Prelab Handout rev Oct 21

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William Rainey Harper College *

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Circular Motion PRELAB Rev. 10/5/21 DLD 1 of 5 PRELAB Circular Motion Objectives To study the effects of varying the tension on the object on the circular motion To study the effects of varying the radius of the path of an object on the circular motion Equipment Computer with internet access and Microsoft Excel or similar alternative Theory When an object travels in uniform circular motion, it travels with a constant speed at a constant radius. By analyzing the motion, it can be shown that there is an acceleration directed toward the center of the circle due only to the continuous change in direction of the object. The application of Newton’s Laws indicates th at there must then be a force directed toward the center of the circle as well. The acceleration and associated force are called centripetal or “center seeking” due to their directionality. In the simulations in this pre-lab, you will be examining a simple system of a ball on a string moving in a horizontal circle to determine the effects of changing tension and radius on the centripetal force exerted on the ball. The subsequent lab experiment will take the same ball and string system and allow you to complete your own measurements of a conical pendulum system in uniform circular motion (or something close to it). Activity 1: Simulating the Experiment-Changing Tension 1. Open the simulation at the link below, read the instructions, and click Begin. https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/ClassicCircularForceLab/ 2. You will first be examining the effect of varying mass on the centripetal force. First, set your moving mass to approximately 140 grams . Set the radius to 200cm . Moving Mass=_______________ The simulation is simple, you need to adjust the number of washers (10 g each) and count 10 revolutions of the moving mass. 3. Set the number of washers to the lowest number (it should be 5) and press start when you are ready to watch the revolutions. Count 10 and press pause when you would like to stop the simulation to record the time. Enter your data in Table S1.
Circular Motion PRELAB Rev. 10/5/21 DLD 2 of 5 PRELAB 4. Repeat the process for 3 additional numbers of washers and record the data in Table S1. Table S1: Data for Changing the Hanging Mass Number of Washers Hanging Mass (kg) Hanging Weight (N) Time for 10 Revolutions (s) Speed (m/sec) 5. Calculate the mass (in kg) and weight of the hanging washers and enter the information in Table S1. 6. Draw free body diagrams for the hanging washers (m 1 ) and the moving mass (m 2 ). Use Newton’s Laws to solve for the square of the speed of the moving mass in terms of the weight of the washers. 7. Using your information about the time required for 10 revolutions, find the speed of the moving mass in meters/sec. What, exactly, is the distance traveled by the moving mass? Enter your answers in Table S1. 8. Using Excel, plot the square of the speed versus the hanging weight of washers . This will give you a straight line following your answer from question 6. Complete the answers below and save your graph, making sure to follow the procedures from the Graphical Analysis pre-lab. let y = Eq'n in y mx b form: let x = Slope from equation = Slope from graph =
Circular Motion PRELAB Rev. 10/5/21 DLD 3 of 5 PRELAB 9. Using your best-fit line and the information from question 8, knowing that the radius for the motion of your moving mass was 200 cm, solve for the mass of the moving mass. 10. Calculate the percent error between your calculated value and the mass that you set at the beginning of the simulation. 11. Did your graph return the mass that you set in the simulation? Do you think it should have? Why? 12. How did changing the number of washers change the centripetal force on the moving mass? Describe the relationship fully. 13. How did changing the number of washers change the speed of the moving mass? Describe the relationship fully. Activity 2: Simulating the Experiment-Changing Radius 14. Return to the simulation. This time you will be changing the radius of the motion of the moving object. Keep the magnitude of your moving mass the same as in Activity 1. 15. Select a number of washers between 20 and 25. Number of washers=__________________ Weight of washers=__________________ 16. You will again be counting 10 revolutions of the moving mass, but this time you will be reducing the radius of the motion. You can change the radius by clicking on the tape on the vertical string (the l ittle beige rectangle across from Newton’s face) . You will need to estimate your distances a little bit from the ruler.
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