Lab#8

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Napa Valley College *

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MISC

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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5

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Lab #8 – Magnetic Force on Wires (No formal lab report required!) Purpose of today’s lab: To study relationship between the current, magnetic field, and magnetic force. Required equipment and parts: Digital balance Main unit with six current loop PC boards, magnet assembly, and angular ‘current balance’ Power supply PC with Python data analysis software Background: A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force that is usually referred to as a magnetic force. The magnitude and direction of this force depend on four variables: the magnitude of the current (I); the length of the wire (L); the strength of the magnetic field (B); and the angle between the field and the wire (θ). In today’s experiment, you will vary all four variables: the current, the length of the wire, the strength of the magnetic field and the angle between the wire and the magnetic field, and measure the resulting magnetic force. You will then come up with a functional description of the magnetic force F(I,L,B,θ). Experimental setup: The experiment consists of a main unit, six current loops, two different magnet assemblies and the ‘current balance’ unit (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 You will be using a digital balance with 0.01g resolution for measurements of magnetic force. These balances are VERY DELICATE, and you should use them with great care. Do not tap on the balance pan, or put anything heavier than 200g. Do not shake, move, or lift the balance. You can adjust the level using the adjusting the height of the rear legs. If the balance gets damaged during your experiment, you might be responsible for repair/replacement charges! 51
Remove the lid of the balance before start of experiments. Put the piece of foam (provided) on the balance and put the magnets on the foam. Do not put the magnets directly on the balance! Set the balance to read grams. Make sure you tare (zero) the balance when needed! Ask your instructor to demonstrate the proper use of ‘SF-8608 rotating unit’ before performing experiment #4! 1. Force versus current (I): Mount the main unit on a lab stand and connect the power supply to the base unit as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Do not turn on the power supply yet. Place the magnet assembly (with narrow spacing) on a balance (be gentle!) Select a current loop, and plug it into the ends of the arms of the main unit, with the foil extending down. Position the lab stand so the horizontal portion of the conductive foil on the current loop passes through the pole region of the magnets. The current loop shouldn't touch the magnets, nor press down on the magnet assembly. Fig. 2 Fig. 3 52
With no current flowing, turn on the balance and tare (zero) it. This subtracts the weight of the magnet assembly from ensuing weight measurements, so only the force caused by the current will be measured. Turn the current on and set it to 0.2 A. If the reading is negative, reverse the leads where they plug into the arms of the main unit. The measured weight is directly proportional to the force caused by the current moving through the magnetic field. Set the current to 0.2 A. Record this value in your data table. Increase the current in 0.2 A increments to a maximum of 1.4 amp, each time recording the balance reading. Create a new column corresponding to the force. Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Current (horizontal axis). What does this tell you about how changes in the current will affect the force acting on a wire that is inside a magnetic field? Write a proportionality expression that represents the relationship between magnetic Force and current. What is the physical meaning of the slope of the Force vs. Current graph? What is the physical meaning of the vertical intercept of the Force vs. Current graph? STOP! Discuss these questions with your lab partner and answer them in your lab report before proceeding: Why is the balance showing different values at different currents? How does the readout of the balance related to ‘magnetic force’? What is the ‘magnetic force’ acting on and what is its direction? Make a drawing in your lab report showing the directions of current I, magnetic field B, and force F. 2. Force versus wire length (L): Vary the wire length by using one of the six different current loops. First, set the power supply to 0 A. To change the current loop swing the arm of the main unit up, to raise the present current loop out of the magnetic field gap. Pull the current loop gently from the arms of the base unit. Replace it with a new current loop and carefully lower the arm to reposition the current loop in the magnetic field. The lengths of the six current loops are: Fig. 4 Set the current to 1.0 A, and measure the magnetic force for all six different loops. Record your data in a table. Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Wire Length (horizontal axis), and determine the relation between these two variables. What does this tell you about how changes in the wire length will affect the force acting on a wire that is inside a magnetic field? Write a proportionality expression that represents the relationship between magnetic force and length. 53
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