Physics_ Lab 1 - Google Docs

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab 1: Motion In One Dimension Group members: Jenny Sim, Tiffany Kho Goals: The primary goal of part I is to measure the instantaneous speed and distance between each interval in order to determine whether or not the cart is moving at a constant speed. The primary goal of part II is to determine a cart’s constant acceleration by measuring the changes in velocity and acceleration as it moves down a ramp. Procedure: For Part 1, a 30-cm long piece of paper tape was threaded into a nakamura timer set at 10 Hz to create 10 sparks per second. Dots were then generated onto the tape by pulling it through the timer at a random speed, creating a pattern used to determine the pulling speed. This procedure was then repeated but instead of being pulled manually, a motorized cart was used to pull the tape. Prior to pulling it, the cart’s distance traveled in six seconds was estimated by measuring with a ruler. For Part II, a PASCO smart cart was released from the top of a ramp in order to determine changes in velocity and acceleration as it descended. The cart was connected to an online Capstone application, which captured and recorded three trials of the cart’s rolling down motion in a positive direction. Using the recorded data, Capstone then generated tables and three graphs for each trial showing position, velocity, and acceleration. A linear fit was applied to each, combining all of the data for the best estimate of acceleration. This data was then used to compare instantaneous acceleration values to the single acceleration value obtained from the best-fit line. Error and Precautions: A possible error that can affect the results of this experiment is the incorrect adjustment of equipment. For instance, if the Nakamura timer from Part I was not set precisely to 10 Hz before starting the experiment, it can affect the calculation of pulling speed which in turn can have an impact on other measurements. In addition, this error can also apply to Part II because if the Capstone application is malfunctioned or not set up properly, it can also affect the accuracy of any recorded data. In order to avoid this error, it is important to calibrate the timer and ensure that it is generating sparks at the desired frequency as well as confirming the accuracy of the motorized cart’s speed and distance measurement. Thus, a few precautions that can be taken for this lab include verifying that the timer is set to 10 Hz, pulling the paper tape at a stabilized speed, and making sure to connect the correct PASCO cart code to the Capstone program application.
Results: Position (m) VS Time (s) Time (s) Interval distance (m) Total distance (m) Instantaneous speed (m/s) 1 s 0.0136 m 0.0136 m 0.0136 m/s 2 s 0.0142 m 0.0278 m 0.0139 m/s 3 s 0.0148 m 0.0426 m 0.0142 m/s 4 s 0.0154 m 0.0580 m 0.0145 m/s 5 s 0.0160 m 0.0740 m 0.0148 m/s 6 s 0.0166 m 0.0906 m 0.0151 m/s Average Instantaneous Speed: 0.01435 m/s Total Distance Traveled VS Time time (s) total distance (m) 1 s 0.0136 m 2 s 0.0278 m 3 s 0.0426 m 4 s 0.0580 m 5 s 0.0740 m 6 s 0.0906 m
Calculations: Total Distance: example: 0.0136 m/s + 0.0142 m/s = 0.0278 m/s 0.0136 m/s + 0.0142 m/s + 0.0148 m/s = 0.0426 m/s (continue adding the interval distances starting from 0 to get total distance for each second) Instantaneous Speed: example: instantaneous speed = total distance / time (s) 0.0142 m / 2 s = 0.0139 m/s Average Instantaneous Speed: 0.0136 m/s + 0.0139 m/s + 0.0142 m/s + 0.0145 m/s + 0.0148 m/s + 0.0151 m/s = 0.0861 m/s ÷ 6 = 0.01435 m/s Questions: Part I Question 1: How can one find the pulling speed using the dots? Briefly describe using the definition of speed. With speed being the rate of change of an object’s position over time, we can find the pulling speed using the dots by measuring the distance between each dot. The further apart the dots are, the slower the pull is while the closer the dots are, the quicker the pull is. Thus, we can also find the pulling speed by dividing the time taken to travel by the distance traveled. Question 2: Compare your two types, the one done manually vs. that done by the cart. How can you determine by looking at the spacing of the dots whether the cart was moving at a constant speed? Support your answer in one or two sentences with your observations. We can determine by looking at the spacing of the dots whether the cart was moving at a constant speed by looking at the patterns after being pulled. With the tape that was pulled manually, the patterns were very inconsistent with some dots being closer to each other and others being further apart. As for the ones pulled by the cart, the pattern was consistent and the dots were evenly spread apart which means that the cart was moving at a constant speed.
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