01_1D Motion_LAB (Fall 2022 online version)

.docx

School

University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

PHY 303 L

Subject

Physics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by MateValor11890

P a g e | 1 1-D Motion 1-D Motion Introduction The purpose of this activity is to explore plots of position and velocity vs. time. The challenge is to move a man (by choosing the correct values for position, velocity and acceleration) in such a way that a plot of the motion ‘matches’ the graph that is provided. This is an excellent way to learn what the graphs mean. It’s often useful to “visualize” a particle’s motion by sketching its position as a function of time. This is referred to as an x-versus-t graph . Figure 1. Graph of position-versus-time An x-versus-t plot leads to a particularly useful interpretation of average velocity v av = ∆x ∆t . To connect this to the plot, the slope of a line connecting two points on an x-versus-t plot is the average velocity between those two points. The slope is the rise over the run, where the rise is the displacement and the run is the time. Instantaneous velocity is the limit of average velocity as the time interval shrinks to zero. lim t→ 0 ∆ x ∆t As the endpoints of the line of average velocity get closer together, they become a better indicator of the actual velocity. When the two points coincide, the line is tangent to the curve. Just as velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. Thus, an object accelerates whenever its velocity changes, no matter what the change, it accelerates when its velocity increases, it accelerates when its velocity decreases. a av = ∆v ∆t 1

The instantaneous acceleration is defined as: a = lim ∆t → 0 ∆ v ∆t The average acceleration in a v-versus-t plot is the slope of a straight-line connecting points corresponding to two different times. Similarly, the instantaneous acceleration is the slope of the tangent line at a particular time. The position vs. time graphs for the two types of motion constant velocity and changing velocity (acceleration) are depicted as follows. Figure 2. graphs of constant velocity and changing velocity Procedure 1. Install the Java software in your computer. The following link provides the versions of Java for different operating systems: https://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp 2. Access the Moving Man PHET Simulation (Select the CheerpJ Browser-compatible version): The Moving Man - Position | Velocity | Acceleration - PhET Interactive Simulations (colorado.edu) 2

P a g e | 3 1-D Motion Graph Matching 1. On each of the following pages, there is a graph you will try to match. The first three are position graphs, and the next four are velocity graphs. 2. Click on the chart. There are three graphs of x-t, v-t and a-t. By adjusting the position, velocity and acceleration you can match the graphs. When you play the simulation, the graphs will be generated. You need to print screen your graphs and attach it to your lab report. This website has the instruction on how to print screen. https://www.take-a-screenshot.org/wsindows.html Figure 3. Phet simulation 3. Try to match the first graph by setting the variables of position, velocity and acceleration. Think about where the man should stand initially (position) and how he should move to 3

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version