Phys1_02-Forces_cbfb1a82-3083-4469-bfd0-1be41f497c60
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Apr 3, 2024
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Slide 1
Force and Acceleration
Objectives
Explore the relationship between force and acceleration.
Use Newton's Second Law to experimentally find the mass of the device.
Physics Overview
Isaac Newton is quite well known for his work in both calculus and physics. He is perhaps
most well known for his three laws of motion that describe patterns seen in how objects
move. These three laws are as follows:
1. An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest if no
external forces are exerted on the object.
2. If a force is exerted on an object, then that object will experience an acceleration
throughout the duration of that force, or 3. For a system of interacting objects, the force that object 1 exerts on object 2 is equal
and opposite to that of object 2 on object 1.
This lab deals specifically with Newton's Second Law. According to Newton's Second Law,
there should only be an acceleration when there is an applied force. Under ideal
circumstances (no friction), when the force no longer acts on the object, it does not continue
to accelerate. Instead it would continue to move at a constant velocity according to Newton's
First law. By using the Force probe and Accelerometer, it is possible to plot Force vs. Acceleration and
use the slope to find the mass in accordance with Newton's Second Law. Due to the fact that
the mass of the device is unknown, this slope can be compared to the actual value. Therefore,
by analyzing the motion of the device when under the influence of a force, it is possible to
demonstrate the validity of Newton’s Second Law. If you wish to brush up on force concepts, you can view any of these problem solving videos:
BlockTheRamp
force12
Slide 2
Let's try it out!
Slide 3
Force (200 Hz)
Remote 1
Time (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Fᵧ (N)
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Rezero sensor
Accelerometer (200 Hz)
Remote 1
Ax Ay Az
Time (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
a (m/s²)
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Force and Acceleration: Time and Magnitude Qualitative
Comparison
Attach the plate to the force sensor. Press record and give the device a few shoves such as in
the video below. The wheels should be facing up. Do your best to keep your pushes in the direction so the device does not start to spin. You can uncheck the and the boxes if you
wish. We will only be looking at since the force was directed in the direction.
00 Pushes on device
You should see peaks on both the Force vs. Time and Acceleration vs. Time plots. These
peaks correspond to when you pushed on the force plate. What do you notice about the
positions of the peaks on the Force vs. Time plot in relation to the position of the peaks on
the Acceleration vs. Time plots? Be sure to include a screenshot of your data in your lab
report with the "zoom" selected to make all the data for both force and acceleration easy to
read. Make a qualitative statement about whether forces and accelerations occur at the same
or different times and whether they grow smaller or larger in a correlated manner. Base your
discussion on YOUR graph.
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Related Questions
1. Make a sketch of how you think the acceleration vs. mass graph will look for carts with different masses released from rest from the top of an inclined track.
2. Do you think the acceleration of the cart increases, decreases, or stays the same as the mass of the cart increases? Explain your reasoning.
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provide the following:
1. given
2. unknown
3. equation
4. solution
5. answer
*add diagram if applicable
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inspire Physics
PRACTICE Problems
ADDITIONAL PRACTICE
20. On Earth, a scale shows that you weigh 585 N.
a. What is your mass?
b. What would the scale read on the Moon (g = 1.60 N/kg)
21. CHALLENGE Use the results from Example Problem 3 to ar
would be exerted by the scale on a person in the following s
a. The elevator moves upward at constant speed.
b. It slows at 2.0 m/s² while moving downward.
c. It speeds up at 2.0 m/s² while moving downward.
d. It moves downward at constant speed.
In what direction is the net force as the elevator slows
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PRE-LAB WORK: THE METHOD QUESTIONS
1. Create a force diagram of the car as it moves along the track.
2. Create a force diagram of the mass hanger as it moves towards the ground.
3. Create a force diagram of the system car and mass hanger as they move together.
4. How does the acceleration of the car compare to the acceleration of the mass hanger? Justify
your answer.
5. What causes the system to accelerate?
6. Do you expect the acceleration of your system to be smaller than, greater than or equal to the
acceleration due to gravity? Justify your answer.
7. Using Newton's Second Law and the diagram you created in question #3, give the acceleration of
the system as a function of the masses of the cart and the hanger.
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Answer the following question with the correct letter.1. Which law has this statement? “The sum of the forces (F) on an object is equal to the mass (m) of that object multiplied by the acceleration (a) of the object”.
a. First Law
b. Second Law
c. Third Law
d. Law of Gravitation
2. Which law has this statement? “When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body”.
a. First Law
b. Second Law
c. Third Law
d. Law of Gravitation
3. A physical quantity related to the property of an object to resist changes in its motion.
a. Inertia
b. Acceleration
c. Mass
d. Force
4. True or false? In considering forces in systems, their direction is not important.
a. True
b. False
5. An object following a straight-line path at constant speed <blank>.
a. Has net force acting upon it in the direction of motion
b. Has zero acceleration
c. Must be moving in a vacuum
d. Has no forces acting…
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Ignoring friction, explain what would occur in the following situation and how it relates to Newton’s Third law.
a. A cannon shoots out a cannon ball. Draw and label the action and reaction forces between the cannon and cannonball.
b. How does the cannon's acceleration compare to the cannon ball and why?
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Draw a physical situation that would result in this equation, and explain how your drawing is consistent with the equation.
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Please thank you so much.
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To push a 25 kg wooden box up a 30° inclined plane, a man exerts a force of 150 N
parallel to the inclined plane. The wooden box slides 5 meters and the coefficient of
friction between the wooden box and the inclined plane is 0.25;
a. Draw the clear and neat figure of the system.
b. Draw the Force diagram.
c. Establish the convenient axis and reflect the component of the forces along the
axis.
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Directions: Write TRUE is the statement is correct but if it is false, change the underlined words with the
correct answer.
1. A force is a push or pull
2. Force is a galar quantity
3. The unit of force is Newton (N)
4. In general, a body can have several forces acting on it at the same time
5. Inertial frame of reference are reference frame where Newton's First law are observable.
6. Another effect of a balanced force, equilibrium, is that a body accelerates.
7. The heavier the object, the lesser the inertia.
8. Forces acting on a body are unbalanced if the resultant force is not zero
9. In an inertial reference frame, No forces should be exerted within the frame.
10. Normal force is lateral in nature.
П.
Identify Action Reaction Pairs
A student in hot air balloon ascends vertically at a constant speed. Consider the four forces in this
situation:
Fl= the weight of the baloon
F2= the weight of the student
F3= the force of the student pulling on the earth
F4= the support force of the…
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Free Particle Model
Horse and Cart Problem
A horse is pulling on a cart, accelerating the cart forward.
The cart and rider have a combined mass of 150 kg.
The horse has a mass of 440 kg.
The horse pulls on the cart with 75 newtons of force.
1. Draw and label a force diagram for the cart to the left of the picture and for the horse to the
right of the picture. Add quantitative values for as many forces as possible.
2. What is a possible numerical value for how hard the cart pulls back on the horse? Explain
why.
3. What is a possible numerical value for the forward force on the horse? Explain why.
4. What is a possible numerical value for the friction force on the cart? Explain why.
5. Explain how Newton's first and third laws are represented in your previous answers.
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A 35 kg child pulls a 12 kg wagon up a hill at 0.6 m/s. The wagon exerts 60 N of force on the child
a. Draw a quantitative force diagram for the wagon
b. Explain how you applied Newton’s first law to make the force diagram quantitative.
c. Explain how you applied Newton’s third law to make the force diagram quantitative.
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Free Particle Model
Horse and Cart Problem
A horse is pulling on a cart, accelerating the cart forward.
The cart and rider have a combined mass of 150 kg.
The horse has a mass of 440 kg.
The horse pulls on the cart with 75 newtons of force.
. What is a possible numerical value for the forward force on the horse? Explain why.
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Return to page 61 of the Student Module Booklet and begin Lesson 3.
For questions 11 to 14, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices
BEST completes the statement or answers the question. Place your answer in the
blank space given.
11. You can reduce the braking force required to stop a car by
A. lengthening the braking time
B. reducing the braking time
C. increasing the friction between the tires and the road
D. increasing the friction between the brake pads and drums
12. To decrease the forces experienced in an accident,
A. decrease the time over which the change in momentum occurs
B. increase the time over which the change in momentum occurs
C. increase the change in velocity
D. increase the mass of the vehicle
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6. Please help me answer both parts to this physics problem
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B. Exercises for Skill Subjects/Analysis Questions Using HOTS for Content Subjects
Exercise 1: Calculate me!
A 100-gram ball m1, and a 200-gram ball m2, connected by a rod with a length of 60 cm.
the mass of the rod is ignored. The axis or rotation is located at the center of the rod. What
is the momentum of inertia of the balls about the axis rotation?
Illustration:
A
Ace
m1
m2
B
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2. In this lab you will use a cart that has a fan mounted on it as seen
in Figure 1. The fan will push the cart along a track. Draw a free
body diagram showing the force from the fan and the force of
friction acting on the fan cart. Write an equation showing the total
force acting on the cart.
Figure 1: Fan cart
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Free Particle Model
Horse and Cart Problem
A horse is pulling on a cart, accelerating the cart forward.
The cart and rider have a combined mass of 150 kg.
The horse has a mass of 440 kg.
The horse pulls on the cart with 75 newtons of force.
What is a possible numerical value for the friction force on the cart? Explain why.
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Help
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Analyzing Forces: Using Newton's 2nd Law
A fireman has a mass of 75 kg. When the bell in the firehouse starts ringing, he slides
down the pole with an acceleration of 3 m/s². What is the total force of friction acting on
his body?
1. Identify the problem: What quantity are you being asked to find?
What units will this answer be in?
2. Visualize and then sketch the problem.
Draw arrows to illustrate the direction
of the two forces acting on the fireman.
Label these two forces by name.
Do not use numbers yet.
3. These two forces act in opposite (+/-)
directions and they will partially cancel.
Assign the + value to the stronger force.
The sum of these two forces is called the
Net Force and it is the force which will actually
move the fireman.
Fill in the names of these two forces in the
equation template below. (Hint: Remember that mass and weight are not the same.)
Do not use numerical values yet:
Net Force = +
4. Newton's 2nd Law gives us another equation for calculating Net Force:
Net…
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Return to page 61 of the Student Module Booklet and begin Lesson
questions 11 to 14, read each question carefully. Decide which of the choices
completes the statement or answers the question. Place your answer in the
I space given.
11. You can reduce the braking force required to stop a car by
A. lengthening the braking time
B. reducing the braking time
C.
increasing the friction between the tires and the road
D. increasing the friction between the brake pads and drums
12. To decrease the forces experienced in an accident,
A. decrease the time over which the change in momentum occurs
B. increase the time over which the change in momentum occurs
C. increase the change in velocity
D. increase the mass of the vehicle
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Eugenia and Bor stand at rest on roller blades as shown in the image below. Eugenia then pushes Bor with some constant force. Bor’s mass is 70 kg and Eugenia’s mass is 54 kg.
1) State the hypothesis you are testing. The hypothesis should be the idea or general equations that are using to make the prediction.
2 ) Use the hypothesis to predict the ratio of Bor’s and Eugenia’s speeds after Eugenia pushed Bor.
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Keeping the total mass constant
1. Look at the data: as the net force increased, what happened to the acceleration? Did it increase, decrease or stay constant?
2. Did a change in the net force produce a change in acceleration by the same factor? Do your results agree with Newton’s 2nd Law?
3. Make a plot of Net Force vs. Experimental Acceleration and draw the best fitting line.
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Please show formula and math and give brief physics explanation
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Astronomy help
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From the choices below, Which of the following set of quantities affects the velocity of a free-falling object?
A. mass, time, gravitational acceleration
B. mass, time, elevation
C. weight, time, elevation
D. time, elevation, gravitational acceleration
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EXPERIMENT 4: “Addition of Forces and Vectors”
1. What is “Translational Equilibrium”?
2. Briefly explain " Graphical Method", and "Analytical Method" of performing the "addition of forces and vectors" in this lab.
3. What does “percent difference” represent in this experiment?
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DIRECTION: Read and understand each statement below. Select the best answer by writing the letter of your choice on the space provided in your answer sheet.
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4. A student feels a gravity force of 800 N from the Earth when they're sitting in this classroom.
a. How big is the gravity force that the Earth feels because of the student? Explain.
b. Two students discuss part a)
Student 1: "The Earth is much heavier than the student, so its gravity must pull harder on the student than
the student's gravity pulls on the Earth. The gravity force the Earth feels must be less than 800 N."
Student 2: "That might be true, but I think that same 800 N would have less of an effect on the Earth than
it would on a person. Using a = F/m, the acceleration the Earth feels might be very small from an 800 N
force, because Earth is so heavy."
Which of these students, if any, do you agree with? Justify your response with words and/or equations.
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Related Questions
- 1. Make a sketch of how you think the acceleration vs. mass graph will look for carts with different masses released from rest from the top of an inclined track. 2. Do you think the acceleration of the cart increases, decreases, or stays the same as the mass of the cart increases? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardprovide the following: 1. given 2. unknown 3. equation 4. solution 5. answer *add diagram if applicablearrow_forwardinspire Physics PRACTICE Problems ADDITIONAL PRACTICE 20. On Earth, a scale shows that you weigh 585 N. a. What is your mass? b. What would the scale read on the Moon (g = 1.60 N/kg) 21. CHALLENGE Use the results from Example Problem 3 to ar would be exerted by the scale on a person in the following s a. The elevator moves upward at constant speed. b. It slows at 2.0 m/s² while moving downward. c. It speeds up at 2.0 m/s² while moving downward. d. It moves downward at constant speed. In what direction is the net force as the elevator slowsarrow_forward
- PRE-LAB WORK: THE METHOD QUESTIONS 1. Create a force diagram of the car as it moves along the track. 2. Create a force diagram of the mass hanger as it moves towards the ground. 3. Create a force diagram of the system car and mass hanger as they move together. 4. How does the acceleration of the car compare to the acceleration of the mass hanger? Justify your answer. 5. What causes the system to accelerate? 6. Do you expect the acceleration of your system to be smaller than, greater than or equal to the acceleration due to gravity? Justify your answer. 7. Using Newton's Second Law and the diagram you created in question #3, give the acceleration of the system as a function of the masses of the cart and the hanger.arrow_forwardAnswer the following question with the correct letter.1. Which law has this statement? “The sum of the forces (F) on an object is equal to the mass (m) of that object multiplied by the acceleration (a) of the object”. a. First Law b. Second Law c. Third Law d. Law of Gravitation 2. Which law has this statement? “When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body”. a. First Law b. Second Law c. Third Law d. Law of Gravitation 3. A physical quantity related to the property of an object to resist changes in its motion. a. Inertia b. Acceleration c. Mass d. Force 4. True or false? In considering forces in systems, their direction is not important. a. True b. False 5. An object following a straight-line path at constant speed <blank>. a. Has net force acting upon it in the direction of motion b. Has zero acceleration c. Must be moving in a vacuum d. Has no forces acting…arrow_forwardIgnoring friction, explain what would occur in the following situation and how it relates to Newton’s Third law. a. A cannon shoots out a cannon ball. Draw and label the action and reaction forces between the cannon and cannonball. b. How does the cannon's acceleration compare to the cannon ball and why?arrow_forward
- Draw a physical situation that would result in this equation, and explain how your drawing is consistent with the equation.arrow_forwardPlease thank you so much.arrow_forwardTo push a 25 kg wooden box up a 30° inclined plane, a man exerts a force of 150 N parallel to the inclined plane. The wooden box slides 5 meters and the coefficient of friction between the wooden box and the inclined plane is 0.25; a. Draw the clear and neat figure of the system. b. Draw the Force diagram. c. Establish the convenient axis and reflect the component of the forces along the axis.arrow_forward
- Directions: Write TRUE is the statement is correct but if it is false, change the underlined words with the correct answer. 1. A force is a push or pull 2. Force is a galar quantity 3. The unit of force is Newton (N) 4. In general, a body can have several forces acting on it at the same time 5. Inertial frame of reference are reference frame where Newton's First law are observable. 6. Another effect of a balanced force, equilibrium, is that a body accelerates. 7. The heavier the object, the lesser the inertia. 8. Forces acting on a body are unbalanced if the resultant force is not zero 9. In an inertial reference frame, No forces should be exerted within the frame. 10. Normal force is lateral in nature. П. Identify Action Reaction Pairs A student in hot air balloon ascends vertically at a constant speed. Consider the four forces in this situation: Fl= the weight of the baloon F2= the weight of the student F3= the force of the student pulling on the earth F4= the support force of the…arrow_forwardFree Particle Model Horse and Cart Problem A horse is pulling on a cart, accelerating the cart forward. The cart and rider have a combined mass of 150 kg. The horse has a mass of 440 kg. The horse pulls on the cart with 75 newtons of force. 1. Draw and label a force diagram for the cart to the left of the picture and for the horse to the right of the picture. Add quantitative values for as many forces as possible. 2. What is a possible numerical value for how hard the cart pulls back on the horse? Explain why. 3. What is a possible numerical value for the forward force on the horse? Explain why. 4. What is a possible numerical value for the friction force on the cart? Explain why. 5. Explain how Newton's first and third laws are represented in your previous answers.arrow_forwardA 35 kg child pulls a 12 kg wagon up a hill at 0.6 m/s. The wagon exerts 60 N of force on the child a. Draw a quantitative force diagram for the wagon b. Explain how you applied Newton’s first law to make the force diagram quantitative. c. Explain how you applied Newton’s third law to make the force diagram quantitative.arrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...PhysicsISBN:9780078807213Author:Paul W. ZitzewitzPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill