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INTRODUCTION:
Investigating Newton's
Second (Modified from
Investigation)
In this investigation, you will perform two controlled experiments.
In Part A, you will measure the acceleration of a cart using different net forces while keeping the total mass constant. In Part B, you will measure the acceleration of a cart using different total masses while keeping the net force constant.
TESTABLE
QUESTION:
1.
How does the acceleration of the cart depend on the net force (F
g on hanging mass) acting on the cart if the total mass is constant?
•
It is proportional with the net force e.g. if net force increases, acceleration will increase and vice versa if total mass is constant.
2.
How does the acceleration of the cart depend on the total mass if the net force (F
g on hanging mass) is constant?
•
The relationship between acceleration and total mass is inversely proportional. (Meaning that if one increases, the other decreases) For example, for a higher acceleration, there should be a smaller mass, and vice versa.
EQUIPMENT
AND
MATERIALS:
•
Hand-held SPARK
•
Dynamics cart
•
masses
•
Pulley
PROCEDURE
•
String
•
Motion Sens
1.
Attach the Pulley by gently screwing it into place on the desk. Place the motion sensor on the table in front of the pulley. Your apparatus should look similar to the one shown in Figure 1.
2.
Connect the motion sensor to the back of the hand-held SPARK device. Ensure that the switch at the top
of the motion sensor is set to cart motion and not human motion.
Also, ensure that the sensor is aimed at
the cart.
3.
Obtain about 115 cm piece of string and attach one end to the dynamics cart and make a loop on the other end for the hanging mass.
4.
After turning on the SPARK (power button is located at the bottom), click on Build
.
5.
On the next screen, highlight Acceleration using your fingers and then click on the table button
to build your data table.
6.
Place the cart on the top of the track; add the masses to the cart and to the hanging loop as per the table below. Have a group member hold the cart in place.
When you are ready to begin collecting data, have one group member turn on the motion sensor to begin collecting data (by either pressing the green play button or one of the top left or right buttons on the SPARK. At the same time release the cart.
Have a group member ready to stop the cart and masses before they hit the pulley. Press the same button as above to stop the data collection. Repeat this a few times to make sure everything is working properly before recording any data.
7.
Review your acceleration results and look for constant acceleration values or calculate the average acceleration. Disregard values at the beginning of the motion (before the cart accelerating at a constant rate) or values after the cart was stopped. Record your average acceleration values in the table below and complete the remaining calculations.
Mass of Cart (kg)
Mass on
Cart (kg)
Hanging Mass, m
2 (kg)
Total Mass (kg)
Net Force(N)
=hanging mass x
9.8
Acceleration (m/s
2
)
Motion sensor
Net
Force(hanging
mass)
divided
by
Total Mass
Part A
0.255
kg
0.100
kg
0.020
kg
0.375 kg
0.196 N
0.55 m/s
2
0.522 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.080
kg
0.040
kg
0.375 kg
0.392 N
1.92 m/s
2
1.045 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.060
kg
0.060
kg
0.375 kg
0.588 N 2.27 m/s
2
1.568 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.040
kg
0.080
kg
0.375 kg
0.784 N
2.45 m/s
2
2.09 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.020
kg
0.100
kg
0.375 kg
0.98 N
2.71 m/s
2
2.613 m/s
2
Part B
0.255
kg
0.100
kg
0.100
kg
0.455 kg
0.98 N
3.125 m/s
2
2.15 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.200
kg
0.100
kg
0.555 kg
0.98 N
2.29 m/s
2
1.765 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.300
kg
0.100
kg
0.655 kg
0.98 N
2.14 m/s
2
1.496 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.400
kg
0.100
kg
0.755 kg
0.98 N
2.09 m/s
2
1.298 m/s
2
0.255
kg
0.500
kg
0.100
kg
0.855 kg
0.98 N
2.0 m/s
2
1.146 m/s
2
Notes: ‘
Net Force’ is the force of gravity acting on the hanging
object.
The total mass includes the hanging mass, the cart, and any objects on top of the cart.
orce constant) change the objects on top of the cart, but do not change the hanging objects.
ANALYZE
AND
EVALUATE
1.
What does the ratio of the net force to the total mass (Net Force/Total Mass from the data table) represent? Explain your reasoning and compare this to the actual measured values.
The ratio between the net force and total mass represents the acceleration of the cart without friction or another opposing force acting against it. This is the case as the equation to calculate force is ⃗
F
net
=
m
⃗
a
. This means force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. Dividing mass from both sides gives ⃗
F
net
m
=
⃗
a
. Thus dividing a force by mass gives acceleration.
Due to the high mechanical error of the sensor the values found and the theoretical values are different and thus unusable for proper calculations. Theoretically it should be slower than the theoretical values as friction, air resistance and other forces are acting against the acceleration of the cart.
2.
Using your results from Part A
: a) generate a graph of net-force (y-axis) vs. acceleration (x-axis). b) Draw a line
of best fit and calculate its slope. (Show the slope calculation on the graph). c) What does the slope represent and how does it compare with the actual value? d) What
Figure 1: Apparatus set-up
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Related Questions
6. Please help me answer both parts to this physics problem
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Activity 2.4-Newton's Second Law Problems
Use the free body diagram method to solve the following problems. Please show all steps.
1. A ball with a mass of M = 60 grams toward the ceiling where it bounces. It
hits the ceiling and bounces off at the same speed of v. = 15 m/s and at an
angle 8 = 20° as shown. The collision takes At =0.3 sec.
a. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration while the ball is in contact
with the ceiling. In the space provided, draw a labeled free body
diagram showing the forces acting on the ball while it is in contact with
ceiling. Start by defining a coordinate system (a +y direction) and writing
the relation you will use symbolically. It is usually most convenient if
you choose the +y to be in the direction of the acceleration. Note: the
acceleration is not 100 m/s² nor is it zera. If you got either answer for
the acceleration, recall how to subtract vectors.
11
b. Use the FBD method to determine the average force that the ceiling exerts the ball during…
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Module 1: Newton's Laws of Motion
Activity 1
Conceptual Questions on Newton's First Law of Motion
Question
Answer
1. Why do moving objects eventually come to a
stop?
2. What is meant by net external force?
3. How does Newton's First Law of Motion relate
to seatbelts?
4. Why is it difficult or tiring when walking an a
very slippery floor?
5. An elephant chases Mark. The mass of the
elephant is too dangerous. But if Mark runs
around an oval, the mass of the eleptant will be
Mark's advantage. Why?
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Newton's First Law of Motion CER
Using Newton's First Law of Motion, explain
why you should always wear a seatbelt when
riding in a vehicle.
B
CLAIM: What is your answer to the
question above?
EVIDENCE: Compare what happens
to a person with a seatbelt during a
crash versus what happens to a
person who is not wearing a seatbelt.
Use the pictures above.
REASONING: Use Newton's First
Law to explain the two situations
given in the evidence section. Use
the words Newton's Law of Motion.
force, balanced and unbalanced
forces
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Keeping the total mass constant
1. Look at the data: as the net force increased, what happened to the acceleration? Did it increase, decrease or stay constant?
2. Did a change in the net force produce a change in acceleration by the same factor? Do your results agree with Newton’s 2nd Law?
3. Make a plot of Net Force vs. Experimental Acceleration and draw the best fitting line.
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All changes saved
3. Evaluate the following descriptions of Newton's laws of motion and choose the one that best describes Newton's
first law of motion.
In a football game, the ball will remain motionless on the field of play until it is acted upon by a force greater than the forces
keeping it motionless. This is an example of the law of inertia, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an
object in motion will remain in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, or forces.
A car enters the freeway and begins to accelerate and merge into traffic. As the accelerator pedal is pressed, the force acting
on the car can be calculated by finding the product of its mass and acceleration. f = m x a
The mass of a plane accelerating down a runway at a rate of 200 meters per second, squared, requires a certain amount of
force in order to move it, which can be calculated by solving the equation: f = m x a.
You bounce a basketball off the court and begin to dribble. When…
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provide the following:
1. given
2. unknown
3. equation
4. solution
5. answer
*add diagram if applicable
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Please help by answering this question and explain too (easy to understand way)
I think it is either C or D, but I'm not sure which one is the correct one. Please clarify (explain).
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1. How do you Describe the motion of the driver when it hit the barrier? Use the Concept of law if inertia in explaining what happened to the driver.
2. To minimize the harmful effect of collision,what should ba a safe way to do the driver?Assume That the barrier is still there
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Jesup website
N
My Notebook
not school Physics C canva.com
An experiment is being conducted with the following purpose:
Lab 12: What's up With Mass?
Purpose: To determine the effect of the mass of a cart
upon its acceleration when the forces acting
upon it are held constant.
What are the independent and dependent variables in this
experiment?
Independent Variable:
Tap to Answer
OMMUNITY
GMC
Dependent Variable:
Tap to Answer
Visit: Teacher Notes | Questions | About Version 2 Concept Builde
NEW 2023 GMC
OVER
SIERRA 1500 DENALI $6,000
CREW CAB 4WD
OFF MSRP
STK# G3240
M.
MacBook Air
#1
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Learning Goal:
Once you have decided to solve a problem using Newton's 2nd law, there are
steps that will lead you to a solution. One such prescription is the following:
• Visualize the problem and identify special cases.
Isolate each body and draw the forces acting on it.
Choose a coordinate system for each body.
Apply Newton's 2nd law to each body.
• Write equations for the constraints and other given information.
• Solve the resulting equations symbolically.
●
Check that your answer has the correct dimensions and satisfies
special cases.
●
●
●
• If numbers are given in the problem, plug them in and check that
the answer makes sense.
• Think about generalizations or simplifications of the problem.
As an example, we will apply this procedure to find the acceleration of a block of
mass m2 that is pulled up a frictionless plane inclined at angle with respect to
the horizontal by a massless string that passes over a massless, frictionless
pulley to a block of mass m₁ that is hanging…
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1) A toy mobile is built like the one shown below.
Adequate
The diagram contains no
errors and each force is
labeled so that it is clearly
understood what each force
represents.
B
Mathematical procedure is
fully consistent with the
design. All quantities are
calculated correctly with
proper units. Final answer is
meaningful.
2
Adequate
Explanation is clear,
detailed, and shows physical
and conceptual
understanding. Explains
both what was done and
why.
3
Object A has a 1.0-kg mass. What should be the mass of object B? The numbers
indicate the relative lengths of the rods on each side of their supporting cords.
Ability A5: Is able to construct a force diagram
Needs Work
Inadequate
FD contains no errors in
vectors but lacks a key
feature such as labels of
forces with two subscripts
or vectors are not drawn
from single point, or
components are drawn
instead of forces.
2
1
FD is constructed but
contains major errors such
as incorrect mislabeled or
not labeled force vectors,
length of…
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1. Does the mass matter when determining the coefficient of static friction in Part I? Explain.2. Which coefficient of friction (static or kinetic) is larger? Why?
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Analyzing Forces: Using Newton's 2nd Law
A fireman has a mass of 75 kg. When the bell in the firehouse starts ringing, he slides
down the pole with an acceleration of 3 m/s². What is the total force of friction acting on
his body?
1. Identify the problem: What quantity are you being asked to find?
What units will this answer be in?
2. Visualize and then sketch the problem.
Draw arrows to illustrate the direction
of the two forces acting on the fireman.
Label these two forces by name.
Do not use numbers yet.
3. These two forces act in opposite (+/-)
directions and they will partially cancel.
Assign the + value to the stronger force.
The sum of these two forces is called the
Net Force and it is the force which will actually
move the fireman.
Fill in the names of these two forces in the
equation template below. (Hint: Remember that mass and weight are not the same.)
Do not use numerical values yet:
Net Force = +
4. Newton's 2nd Law gives us another equation for calculating Net Force:
Net…
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Please answer fast
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Answer all parts of the question
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Please help me fill in the blanks.
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Based on the graph readings, what is the average acceleration and average force?
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Answer all questions
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Use following information to answer parts a-b:
Jack has a dream that he is stranded in the middle of a frozen
pond. The ice is frictionless so he isn't able to walk or push off of
the ice to get back to shore. All he has is his backpack carrying his.
heavy physics textbook.
a) Explain how Jack could minimize the amount of time it takes for him to get to
shore using action/reaction forces. (consider Newton's Second Law).
b) Compare and contrast a rocket launch with Jack's strategy to get back to shore.
Use the principles of Newton's Third Law in your answer.
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1. use Newton's 2nd law to write equations of motion for each of the two masses.
Make sure to use the coordinate system given in the figure in the picture.
Use notation so that's it's clear which object you're examining.
2. The acceleration of the glider and the hanging mass are related since they are connected by a string. The relevant relationship is aGx = -ahy. The reason for the minus sign is that when the glider accelerations in the +x direction, the hanging mass accelerates in the -y direction.
using this fact, and combining the two equations you wrote in the previous part, solve for the acceleration of the glider in terms of the masses mh,mG, and other known constants.
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DIRECTION: Read and understand each statement below. Select the best answer by writing the letter of your choice on the space provided in your answer sheet.
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Hope you can see the text
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The following exercises are designed to get you thinking about the concepts you will investigate in
the lab. It is not necessary for you to understand them all right here, only that you think carefully
about your ideas.
Exercise:
1) Two blocks at rest on a frictionless table are in contact as shown in the figure below.
B
Compare the force block A puts on block B (same, bigger, or smaller) to the force block
B puts on block A when:
a. they are pressed together and remain motionless. Explain.
b. they are pressed together and accelerating to the right. Explain.
c. they are pressed together and accelerating to the left. Explain.
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1
2
In the diagram above, block 1 is stacked on top of block 2. The blocks are at rest on a flat plane. The mass of each block is
known.
To which system could we apply Newton's laws in order to find the magnitude of the contact force between the blocks? Mark
all systems that are useful for this purpose.
The "block 1 system" is useful for finding the contact force between blocks 1 and 2.
The "block 2 system" is useful for finding the contact force between blocks 1 and 2.
Submit
The "blocks 1 and 2 system" is useful for finding the contact force between blocks 1 and 2.
You have used 0 of 2 attempts
Save
E
Calculator
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Newton's 3rd Law Discussed
Learning Goal:
To understand Newton's 3rd law, which states that a physical interaction always generates a pair of forces on the two
interacting bodies.
Part B
In Principia, Newton wrote:
To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are
always equal, and directed to contrary parts.
The two forces in each pair act in opposite directions.
(translation by Cajori)
O true
The phrase after the colon (often omitted from textbooks) makes it clear that this is a statement about the nature of
force. The central idea is that physical interactions (e.g., due to gravity, bodies touching, or electric forces) cause forces
to arise between pairs of bodies. Each pairwise interaction produces a pair of opposite forces, one acting on each body.
In summary, each physical interaction between two bodies generates a pair of forces. Whatever the physical cause of
the interaction, the force on body A from body B is…
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Using your knowledge of Newton’s laws of motion, answer the following problems.
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A 0.10-kg ball is placed in a shallow wedge with an opening angle
of 150°, as shown in(Figure 1).
Figure
Contact
force 1
mg
Contact
force 2
1 of 1
▼
For each contact point between the wedge and the ball, determine the force exerted on the ball. Assume the system is frictionless. Determine the Contact force
1.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
View Available Hint(s)
N₁ =
Submit
Part B
Determine the Contact force 2.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
► View Available Hint(s)
N₂ =
G| ΑΣΦ
Submit
[5] ΑΣΦ
Provide Feedback
?
?
N
N
Review
O
Next >
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Please show formula and math and give brief physics explanation
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