physics_is_love_physics_is_life_1

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Apr 3, 2024

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INTRODUCTION: Investigating Newton's Second (Modified from Investigation) In this investigation, you will perform two controlled experiments. In Part A, you will measure the acceleration of a cart using different net forces while keeping the total mass constant. In Part B, you will measure the acceleration of a cart using different total masses while keeping the net force constant. TESTABLE QUESTION: 1. How does the acceleration of the cart depend on the net force (F g on hanging mass) acting on the cart if the total mass is constant? It is proportional with the net force e.g. if net force increases, acceleration will increase and vice versa if total mass is constant. 2. How does the acceleration of the cart depend on the total mass if the net force (F g on hanging mass) is constant? The relationship between acceleration and total mass is inversely proportional. (Meaning that if one increases, the other decreases) For example, for a higher acceleration, there should be a smaller mass, and vice versa. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS: Hand-held SPARK Dynamics cart masses Pulley PROCEDURE String Motion Sens
1. Attach the Pulley by gently screwing it into place on the desk. Place the motion sensor on the table in front of the pulley. Your apparatus should look similar to the one shown in Figure 1. 2. Connect the motion sensor to the back of the hand-held SPARK device. Ensure that the switch at the top of the motion sensor is set to cart motion and not human motion. Also, ensure that the sensor is aimed at the cart. 3. Obtain about 115 cm piece of string and attach one end to the dynamics cart and make a loop on the other end for the hanging mass. 4. After turning on the SPARK (power button is located at the bottom), click on Build . 5. On the next screen, highlight Acceleration using your fingers and then click on the table button to build your data table. 6. Place the cart on the top of the track; add the masses to the cart and to the hanging loop as per the table below. Have a group member hold the cart in place. When you are ready to begin collecting data, have one group member turn on the motion sensor to begin collecting data (by either pressing the green play button or one of the top left or right buttons on the SPARK. At the same time release the cart. Have a group member ready to stop the cart and masses before they hit the pulley. Press the same button as above to stop the data collection. Repeat this a few times to make sure everything is working properly before recording any data. 7. Review your acceleration results and look for constant acceleration values or calculate the average acceleration. Disregard values at the beginning of the motion (before the cart accelerating at a constant rate) or values after the cart was stopped. Record your average acceleration values in the table below and complete the remaining calculations. Mass of Cart (kg) Mass on Cart (kg) Hanging Mass, m 2 (kg) Total Mass (kg) Net Force(N) =hanging mass x 9.8 Acceleration (m/s 2 ) Motion sensor Net Force(hanging mass) divided by Total Mass Part A 0.255 kg 0.100 kg 0.020 kg 0.375 kg 0.196 N 0.55 m/s 2 0.522 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.080 kg 0.040 kg 0.375 kg 0.392 N 1.92 m/s 2 1.045 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.060 kg 0.060 kg 0.375 kg 0.588 N 2.27 m/s 2 1.568 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.040 kg 0.080 kg 0.375 kg 0.784 N 2.45 m/s 2 2.09 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.020 kg 0.100 kg 0.375 kg 0.98 N 2.71 m/s 2 2.613 m/s 2 Part B 0.255 kg 0.100 kg 0.100 kg 0.455 kg 0.98 N 3.125 m/s 2 2.15 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.200 kg 0.100 kg 0.555 kg 0.98 N 2.29 m/s 2 1.765 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.300 kg 0.100 kg 0.655 kg 0.98 N 2.14 m/s 2 1.496 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.400 kg 0.100 kg 0.755 kg 0.98 N 2.09 m/s 2 1.298 m/s 2 0.255 kg 0.500 kg 0.100 kg 0.855 kg 0.98 N 2.0 m/s 2 1.146 m/s 2 Notes: ‘ Net Force’ is the force of gravity acting on the hanging object. The total mass includes the hanging mass, the cart, and any objects on top of the cart. orce constant) change the objects on top of the cart, but do not change the hanging objects. ANALYZE AND EVALUATE 1. What does the ratio of the net force to the total mass (Net Force/Total Mass from the data table) represent? Explain your reasoning and compare this to the actual measured values. The ratio between the net force and total mass represents the acceleration of the cart without friction or another opposing force acting against it. This is the case as the equation to calculate force is F net = m a . This means force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. Dividing mass from both sides gives F net m = a . Thus dividing a force by mass gives acceleration. Due to the high mechanical error of the sensor the values found and the theoretical values are different and thus unusable for proper calculations. Theoretically it should be slower than the theoretical values as friction, air resistance and other forces are acting against the acceleration of the cart. 2. Using your results from Part A : a) generate a graph of net-force (y-axis) vs. acceleration (x-axis). b) Draw a line of best fit and calculate its slope. (Show the slope calculation on the graph). c) What does the slope represent and how does it compare with the actual value? d) What Figure 1: Apparatus set-up
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