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Subject
Physics
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Uploaded by MasterFangHedgehog23
Pendulum energy phet
Name: ______________________________________ Period:__
A.
Energy bars
1. Go to
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/pendulum-lab/latest/pendulum-lab_en.html
2. Click the “energy” icon.
3. Set pendulum length to 1 m for the entire lab. Click the pause button. Drag the pendulum to 60
∘
. Click the play button.
4. Observe the KE and PE (we call it GPE in class) “
energy bars
”. Describe how the length of these two bars are related to
each other:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Click the pause button. Change the angle and describe how the max length of PE depend on the angle of pendulum:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Click reset
. Click the pause button. Set the pendulum length to 1 m. Turn on the ruler and stopwatch checkboxes.
Click the play button on the stopwatch. Change the speed to slow. Drag the ruler next to the energy bar graph. Drag the
pendulum to -60
∘
.
7. Click the play button to start a swing. Click the pause button to pause the motion at various locations in the table below.
Record the time on the stopwatch. Record the amount of both KE and PE bars (use the ruler). Collect data on one single
swing from the far left to the far right.
Location of pendulum bob
Time (s)
KE (cm)
PE (cm)
KE + PE (cm)
Far left (-60
∘
)
About -50
∘
About -40
∘
About -30
∘
About -20
∘
bottom
About 20
∘
About 30
∘
About 40
∘
About 50
∘
Far right (60
∘
)
8. Plot one overlay graph with: (i) KE vs time, (ii) PE vs time, and (iii) (KE+PE) vs time.
9. Is your measure of KE and PE in cm a direct or an indirect measurement of the energy in Joule? ________
B.
Energy transfer
1. At what point(s) is the PE the highest? __________________ the lowest? __________________
2. At what point(s) is the KE the highest? __________________ the lowest?__________________
3. At what point(s) is speed the highest? _________________
the lowest?___________________
4. What is the relationship between PE, KE and E
total
? ___________________________________
5. Where is the
reference
location for the height measurement (where PE = 0)? _________________________
6. Measure approximately the highest height of the
60
∘
pendulum bob with the ruler.
What is the formula relating
PE and height h
? ______________________________
Calculate the PE of the bob at the highest point:
Equation
Substitution
Answer and unit
7. What is the formula relating
KE and speed
v? ____________________________
Calculate the speed of the bob at the lowest point:
Equation
Substitution
Answer and unit
C.
More play
1. How are the energies affected if you change the mass? Try it!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How are the energies affected if you change the gravity? Try it!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
D.
Conservative and non-conservative force
1. Reset the sim
. Set the pendulum length to 1 m. Drag the friction slide bar to the middle. Set the pendulum at 60
∘
.
Observe the swing for > 20 cycles. Answer questions below.
2. Compared to sections A and B, what significant difference do you observe in the motion of the pendulum?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Related Questions
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Question 23 of 32
A pendulum is raised to a certain height and released from point A, as shown
in the image below. At its release, the pendulum is also given an initial
velocity of 14 m/s. Assuming that the effects of friction and air resistance
can be ignored, what will be the maximum height that the pendulum can
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X
chstv
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A a. Potential energy is at its lowest and kinetic energy is at its lowest.
B b. Potential energy is at its highest and kinetic energy is at its lowest.
c. Kinetic energy is at its highest and potential energy is at its lowest.
D d. Kinetic energy is at its highest and potential energy is at its highest.
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b. When is the first time after t = 0 that the swing is at a
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Open the simulation (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/pendulum-lab). Run the simulation and select Intro.
Run the simulation and select Intro. Move (drag) the pendulum about 14 degrees away from its equilibrium position and observe the motion. Do not include friction. 18. How does the period T change as you decrease the mass ? 19. How does the period T change as you decrease the length ? 20. How does the period T change as you increase gravity ? 21. How does the period T change if you start over and move the pendulum at about 5 degrees away from its equilibrium position? (you might want to use the Stopwatch and the Slow motion)
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Open the simulation https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/masses-and-springs/latest/masses-and-springs_en.html
Select "lab”
Place the 100 g mass on the spring and wait for it to come to rest.
Click the "mass equilibrium" checkbox to show the equilibrium position.
Drag the ruler onto the simulation.
Lift the mass and measure the amplitude (A).
Release the mass and use a stopwatch (either the one in the simulation or the one on your phone) to measure the time for 10 oscillations.
Do this for 3 different amplitudes (small, medium, and large).
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In each trial of study 1, the source of kinetic energy of C1 was which of the following?
a. The kinetic energy stored in C2 before the spring was released.
b. The potential energy stored in C2 before the spring was released.
c. The kinetic energy stored in the spring before the spring was released.
d. The potential energy stored in the spring before the spring was released.
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You want to measure the period of pendulum with a stopwatch. Which technique will help minimize the error in the measurement?
a. Measure the time for 10 swings across and back and divide by 10
b. Measure half of one swing across and multiply that time by 4.
c. Measure one swing across and back, no multiplying is necessary.
d. Do multiple measurements and take the average period.
e. Both (a) and (d) will help.
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4. The figure shows a spring before and after being compressed.
a. Calculate the force constant of the spring.
b. What is the elastic potential energy stored in the compressed
spring?
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6.0 cm
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Part 1: Finding the Spring Constant
1. Open the following simulator and click the Lab option:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/masses-and-springs/latest/masses-and-springs en.html
Displacement
2. Set the "Spring Constant 1" slider to its maximum.
3. Ensure "Earth" is selected in the Gravity field.
4. Set the "Damping" slider to its maximum.
Natural Length
Mass Equilibrium
a. We're not considering springs in motion, so this will get
the system to equilibrium quickly.
Movable Line
5. Click the 'Displacement' option on the right.
O Period Trace
a. The blue dotted line represents the equilibrium position of
the spring, where x = 0 m.
Gravity
9.8 m/s?
6. Move the Mass slider down to 50 g, then place the 50 g mass on
30
the spring.
7. Convert this mass to the force of gravity (where F, = mg and
9.8 m/s2) and add this data to Table 1.
Earth
Remember to convert masses to kilograms for this
Damping
a.
calculation.
None
Lots
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Question 1
Which of the graphs below describes the energy of the pendulum at
the highest point of its arc?
A
B
KE
KE
PE
PE
therm
Etotal
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8.The total energy of the spring is 100J. What is the kinetic energy of the mass At the equilibrium point?
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0.1
0.2
0.3
EXTENSION (x-x,) IN METERS
Figure 10-8
b.
What mass has to be added to each of these springs to increase the
extension of the spring, x-xo, by 10 cm?
C.
If the same mass is suspended from each spring, which spring will oscil-
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equation that gives the period of the motion to get the ratio TA/ TR.
d.
What ratio of masses malme must be placed on these springs so that
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FORCE (N)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
A
B
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question 22 in the image
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12. A pendulum's motion depicts the conservation of mechanical energy. Study the figure
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15 MCQS
A mass-spring system oscillates on a frictionless horizontal surface in simple
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At x = +0.1 m
At x = +0.08 m
At x = +0.025 m
At x = +0.05 m
At x = +0.04 m
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Q3. Unless you push a pendulum at the start of it's swing (doing work to give it extra energy), will it ever swing higher than it's starting point?
Explain your answer in terms of kinetic and potential energy.
Q4. Does a pendulum swing forever? Why or why not?
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Explain your answer in terms of kinetic and potential energy.
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