Lab_#10

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Bergen Community College *

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101

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Physics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Anthony Putrino Lab Assignment 10: The Simple Pendulum Instructor’s Overview The pendulum is an excellent illustrative example of simple harmonic motion. Walker's Physics has a great anecdote of Galileo's observation of oscillating chandeliers and his subsequent experiments on the simple pendulum. In this lab, we will replicate Galileo's experiment to gain insight into the physics of the pendulum. We'll improve on the accuracy of his results by using a stop watch instead of our pulses to measure the period of the pendulum! This activity is not based on an eScience experiment, although we will some material from the kit for the experiment. For further background on the pendulum, refer to Walker's Physics , Section 13-6. Lab Instructions 1.  Cut a one meter length of fishing line. 2.  Tie six washers onto the end of the fishing line. 3.  Tie the other end of the line to a feature attached to a ceiling such as a stationary ceiling fan. If this is not available, you can recruit an assistant to hold the line in a very stable fashion. 4.  Measure the distance from the holding point to the center of the washers. This is the effective length of the pendulum. Record this value in the table below. 5.  Move the weights no more than 20 degrees from equilibrium and let go. 6.  With a stopwatch, time 10 periods (complete oscillations). 7.  Divide the total time by 10 to get the average period for this pendulum. Record this value in the table below. 8.  Repeat steps 4-7 for four other lengths. Suggested lengths: 100 cm, 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, 20 cm. It is good experimental practice to randomize your trials. For example, you could run in this order: 80 cm, 40 cm, 100 cm, 20 cm, 60 cm. Take detailed notes as you perform the experiment and fill out the sections below. This document serves as your lab report. Please include detailed descriptions of your experimental methods and observations. Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to observe the way the length and mass of an object influence the period of oscillation when using a simple pendulum. For this experiment we used a varied of lengths starting from the highest 100 meters to the lowers 20 meters. JWH 1 Physics I

Introduction The pendulum has the property of swinging free because it consists of a weight which is suspended from a pivot which imposes no restriction to the weight. The role of this experiment is to replicate Galileo's experiment. Even though he used his pulse in order to measure the timing we will use a stop watch as it is more accurate and more easy to use. Material and Methods 1. A fishing line should be cut in such way it results a one meter line. 2. To the end of the fishing line it is important to tie 6 washers. 3. The other end of the line should be attached to a high spot such as it is the case of a ceiling. In case there is nothing to attach to another person can hold the line. 4. The effective length of the pendulum should be determined by measuring the distance from the point of holding to the washer. The value need to be recorded in the table provided in this paper.Move the weights no more than 20 degrees from equilibrium and let go. 5. 10 periods or complete oscillations need to be timed with the help of a stopwatch. 6. The total time obtained should be divided by 10 in order to get the average period and this value will be recorded in the table provided .. 7. The steps should be repeated for the other lengths. For this experiment the following lengths were used : 100 cm , 80 cm , 60 cm ,40 cm, 20 cm. Materials 1. 6 washers 2. Fishing line 3. Measuring tape 4. Stopwatch Results JWH 2 Physics I

Data Table Length (meters) Average period, T (sec) Average period squared, T 2 (sec 2 ) 100 2.024 4.056 80 1.821 3.316 60 1.555 2.418 40 1.290 1.664 20 0.82 .6724 Plots/Analysis Create a plot of length (x-axis) versus average period (y-axis). You can use a program such as Excel to generate your plot. Make sure to clearly label your axes and indicate units. Create a plot of length (x-axis) versus (average period) 2 (y-axis). Use Excel to add a linear trend line. Record the slope of the best fit line. JWH 3 Physics I

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