Projectile Motion Lab
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Projectile Motion Lab
Introduction
The motion of a projectile is governed by the force that launches the object and the gravitational
influence on the object as it moves down range.
In today’s lab, you will launch a projectile and use its
flight characteristics to measure the acceleration of gravity.
Campus Students will be provided with the
materials you need to complete the lab (meter sticks, projectiles, and launchers) and a method for
recording and analyzing the motion. Online Students will access the PHET Projectile Motion
simulation
provided through this link
.
Part 1:
Play around with various projectiles, angles of elevation and Initial speeds (if possible).
Simulations
Click on the Intro window. Be sure the Air Resistance box is unchecked. Check the velocity vectors boxes.
Check the Acceleration Vectors box marked Components.
For one given angle and initial speed, what did you notice about the different projectiles?
Angle of Elevation, the Initial Speed and Acceleration Vectors
Leave the cannon on the ground.
For one given initial speed, what angle produced the longest range?
45 degrees
For any setting, which velocity component changed throughout the trajectory?
Vertical component of velocity
Which direction did the acceleration vector point and why?
The acceleration vector points vertically downward because gravity is a force that causes objects to
accelerate toward the center of the Earth.
Part 2:
You will need to understand the following relationships to complete this successfully:
HorizontalVelocity
=
Range
Time of flight
VerticalVelocity
=
tan
(
angle
)
x HorizontalVelocity
Gravity
=
VerticalVelocity
2
2
height
The last relationship comes from Conservation of Energy. When you consider the vertical component of
the velocity as a factor in kinetic energy you find that gravitational potential energy is equal to vertical
kinetic energy;
mgh
=
1
2
m v
2
. You find that this relationship is independent of mass and you can
solve for “g”.
Conduct an experiment at each of these angles of 30®, 45®, and 60®.
Instructions for the simulation
Go back to the
original screen for the simulation
. Select the vectors window. Be sure to uncheck the Air
Resistance box. Leave the Initial Speed and Diameter the same. Check any boxes in the lower settings.
Keep the default setting of the Diameter and set the Mass slider to any value.
For all experiments
Record the angle, range, time of flight, and height for variations in mass. Be sure to include the tangent
of the angle you use in the following table. For each experiment, calculate the acceleration due to
gravity.
For each angle, you will fire the cannon to three different masses.
Tan(30®) = 0.5774;
Tan(45®) = 1.00;
Tan(60®) = 1.7321
Experiment
Range
Time
Height
Horizontal
Velocity
Tan(angle)
Vertical
Velocity
Accelerati
on due to
Gravity
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