Review Questions Unit 4

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Arizona State University *

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Political Science

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Jun 1, 2024

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Review Questions #1 1. What are the four types of socialism we will study in this course? The four types of socialism we will study are Utopian Socialism, Marxism, Revolutionary Marxism, and Revisionist Marxism. 2. Why does socialism arise in the 19th century? Socialism arises in the 19 th Century as a response to the Industrial age, unchained capitalism and liberalist individuality preference in defining freedom. The Industrial Revolution, specifically the rise of factory work in England and throughout Europe, led to the maltreatment of the working class or factory laborers. 3. Describe 2-3 ways that socialism is different from liberalism. One way Socialism differs from liberalism is the focus on the individual in liberalist ideas of freedom. Socials idolize a “Free Society” over individuality. Another difference is the belief about human nature, Liberalism sees the natural state of things to be fixed whereas Socialist see the natural state as a reflection of influence and that it can be changed by changing the people within. Lastly, Socialist see a very specifical obstacle in obtaining freedom, socioeconomic class structure, and Liberalist have a vaguer determined, anything that would hinder the individual from achieving their goal. 4. In the lecture, why did Jennet refer to camping? In the lecture, Jennet compares communal living to a group camping trip. She highlights the ideal of shared property by discussing the sharing of tools or materials by the group, who use what they need and then return it to the communal pool. 5. From the lecture, what are the four socialist beliefs? The four socialist beliefs are, passion for equality, collective ownership, solidarity of social life, and poverty is the result of oppression. 6. Which one socialist belief do you think is most important to socialists? Socioeconomic equality opposing poverty as a result of capitalism, is the most important belief to socialists. 7. What was New Lanark and why was it important? New Lanark was a Utopian socialist society based on a textile facility. It was important as an ideal utopian society where workers were treated with equality, fairness and were not impoverished. This model highlighted the potential success of fair business practices. 8. Why did utopian socialists think that perfect communities were so important? What was a perfect community supposed to do or create? Utopian socialist think that perfect communities are important to produce perfect citizens who would in turn curate a perfect society morally and materialistically. A perfect community was perfectly ordered and believed to produce citizens who were perfect people were fulfilled and perfectly developed. Review Questions #2 1. Who is a proletariat? Proletariats are the working blue collar middle class. Marx identifies these as labors or “have nots.” These people are best summarized by the description of “industrial working class in a capitalist society.” 2. Who is a bourgeoisie? A bourgeoisie are, according to Marx, are the “haves” or own the forces or “means” of production. The bourgeoisie are the ruling class in capitalist societies. 3. From the lecture, what is an example of false consciousness? Why is it false?

During the lecture the example of false consciousness given was workers believed such ideas of paying your own way or if you don’t make it, it’s your own fault. This is considered false because it utilizes money as the only measure of success. 4. Provide one way in which Marxism is different from utopian socialism. One way in which Marxism is different from utopian socialism is the belief that change will come through revolution vice a perfected community. 5. From the lecture, describe what Marx meant by the "withering away of the state." What does this have to do with hunting and fishing? The lecture describes Marx’s meaning of “withering away of the state” as the period where a classless society emerges and no dominate group or skill has dominion over another. Labor is replaced by machinery and people have time for their own development. A person will be allowed to act on various skills throughout the day, because the required labors would be greatly lessened and while the person may act on these skills, they do not need to be identified by that labor. Labors become choice not forced as a required way to live. 6. Provide a general outline or summary of Marx's revolutionary sequence. A general outline of Marx’s revolutionary sequence are as follows; economic crises, a serious series of events that hit the working class so harshly they use their false consciousness and begin to see the bourgeoisie’s agenda as not in its own interests. This will lead to the next phase, the immiseration of the proletariat, where life will be really crappy. It will be so bad, the revolutionary class will rise, and the proletariat will develop its own consciousness, one determined to rid itself of the higher ruling class. This leads to the seizure of state power, and the absorption of class property from the bourgeoisie into the “communal use” type properties. Then their will be a dictatorship of the proletariat in which the new ruling party will fight against the bourgeoisie and their resistance to the social change. The last stags are the withering away of the state, where the dictatorship deteriorates due to lack of need and because economic struggle and competition have been removed, government regulation stops being required, and the role of government becomes an administrative matter and not a regulative or authoritarian one and this will finally lead to communism. 7. What do you think is the most powerful or interesting idea of Marxism? Use the course material to support your answer. I think the most powerful idea of Marxism is how Marx presents an “us verses them” idea that is really easy to relate to in a capitalist environment. The premise of Marxism starts with his manifesto where he describes the world in and accurate, while tainted, way that appeals to anyone who reads it that works for another or higher capitalist class. He presents, at length, the world as it is seen by the majority. Using this kind of unconscious agreement by telling the reader what they already know, presents the author as though he is on side of the reader and speaking in their best interest. 8. What, in contrast, do you think is the weakest idea of Marxism? Again, use the course material to support your answer. The weakest idea of Marxism presented by the course material is the idea that there will be a dissolution of social classes. Marx believes thoroughly that money or monetary economic station is all that divides human beings. The belief that once the property, money or ownership of material needed by a society were shared by all within the society would produce a human nature that was less competitive is challenged by the vary idea that labors will not be required for lively hood. With out this motivation to pursue a labor that is financially beneficial, the hunter will not want to be the hunter nor go hunting when it is needed. Therefore, government must retake a position of authority and regulation to ensure people pursue skills and labors needed by society. Class division will once again become relevant as the society is split up, forcefully, into a governing body and a laboring body and so furth.

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