Quiz_ Mid-Term Assessment_ HIUS341_ History of American Politics (B01)

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Skip to Main Content * Some questions not yet graded Quiz: Mid-Term Assessment Due Feb 12 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 5 Time Limit 60 Minutes Instructions Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 54 minutes 0 out of 100 *  Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 0 out of 100 * Submitted Feb 10 at 8:50pm This attempt took 54 minutes. The quiz: Covers the Learn material from Module 1: Week 1 — Module 4: Week 4 . Contains 5 short-answer questions. Is limited to 1 hour. Allows 1 attempt . Is worth 100 points . You may refer to your notes and textbooks at any time during the assessment. Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module 4: Week 4. Not yet graded / 20 pts Question 1 Your Answer: Both the Enlightenment and Great Awakening had profound in±uence on the American mind during the late eighteenth century. Describe how each movement affected the political atmosphere of the period using speci²c examples and historical references. Online Residential Athletics Alumni Sign In Request Info Apply Now Visit Us Create Guest Account

The late eighteenth century in America witnessed the convergence of two in±uential intellectual and spiritual movements: the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening. These transformative forces impacted the American mindset, profoundly shaping the political atmosphere of the period and laying the foundation for the revolutionary fervor culminating in the American War of Independence. The Enlightenment, characterized by an emphasis on reason, individual rights, and political philosophy, profoundly in±uenced American political thought. Thinkers such as John Locke, with his advocacy for natural rights, played a pivotal role in shaping documents like the Declaration of Independence. Most notable are the principles embedded in the U.S. Constitution, such as the separation of powers and checks and balances. The idea that government derives legitimacy from the consent of the governed, a cornerstone of the American political system, can be traced back to Enlightenment thinking. Simultaneously, the Great Awakening, a religious revival sweeping through the colonies, exerted a distinct impact on the American political landscape. This movement, marked by a shift towards individual spiritual experience and a departure from traditional clerical authority, had broader implications for democracy. Within churches, congregations gained increased in±uence in selecting local leaders, fostering a more democratic governance structure. While seemingly disparate, the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening converged in shaping the American psyche. The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and political principles found synergy with the Great Awakening's encouragement of personal autonomy and direct spiritual experience. Together, they forged a cultural and intellectual climate that laid the groundwork for a revolutionary spirit. This spirit materialized in the demand for political representation and individual freedoms, echoing the Enlightenment's call for natural rights and democratic governance. The newfound democratic ethos, nurtured by the Great Awakening, contributed to the enthusiasm underpinning revolutionary sentiments against British rule. The desire for religious freedom, as kindled by the Great Awakening, intertwined with Enlightenment principles of political autonomy and self- governance, becoming a driving force behind the American War of Independence. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, though distinct in their origins, converged to shape the American political landscape. Their collective in±uence fueled a revolutionary spirit, leading to the formation of a nation founded on democratic principles, individual rights, and a government derived from the consent of the governed. The enduring legacy of these movements is evident in the democratic ideals that continue to de²ne the United States. Not yet graded / 20 pts Question 2 The battle between Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian philosophy during the founding era represented two distinct views of the powers and limits of the

Your Answer: federal government. Describe this clash of ideas using speci²c examples and historical references. In addition to referencing one Supreme Court case in your analysis, you will argue whether the Hamiltonian or Jeffersonian philosophy “won” the political contest with supporting details. The clash between Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian philosophies during the founding era encapsulated two fundamentally different visions of the powers and limits of the federal government in the United States. Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury under President George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State, were the primary architects of these opposing ideologies. Hamilton advocated for a robust central government with expansive powers. He believed that a strong federal government was essential for the stability and success of the new nation. As the architect of the ²nancial system, Hamilton pushed for the creation of the First Bank of the United States in 1791 to manage the country's ²nances and establish a national currency. Hamilton's economic vision centered on promoting industrialization and economic development. He championed tariffs and subsidies to protect American industries and encourage economic growth. Creating the National Mint and promoting manufacturing re±ected Hamilton's emphasis on building a robust and diversi²ed economy. Hamilton favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution, asserting that the government possessed implied powers beyond those explicitly outlined in the document. In the "Report on Manufactures" and the justi²cation for the national bank, Hamilton argued that the Necessary and Proper Clause granted the government authority to take actions not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. Jefferson, in contrast, championed a more limited federal government, wary of concentrated power. He believed in agrarian republicanism, where power resided primarily with the states and individual citizens. The Democratic-Republican Party, led by Jefferson, opposed the establishment of a national bank, viewing it as an unconstitutional extension of federal authority. Jeffersonian philosophy favored an agricultural economy and states' rights. Jefferson envisioned a nation of independent farmers, emphasizing the importance of local governance. Opposition to protective tariffs and support for strict construction of the Constitution re±ected Jefferson's commitment to limiting federal powers. Jefferson advocated for a strict interpretation of the Constitution, contending that the federal government should only exercise powers explicitly granted by the document. His opposition to Hamilton's ²nancial plans, such as the national

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