MODULE 2 HOMEWORK

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MODULE 2 HOMEWORK Questions on readings in Modules 1 & 2. Be sure to answer all questions thoroughly —about a paragraph or so for each "bullet." Your answer should provide evidence that you have read the readings, and thought about the implications of what you have read. Remember to give original answers—the Academic Integrity Policy is in effect. Albion Tourgee Letter ● Who was Albion Tourgee? Write a brief biography of him. 1. Albion Tourgee was born in Williamsfield, Ohio, on May 2, 1838. Tourgee was a writer, lawyer, and civil rights activist who advocated for equality and justice during a period of social transformation in America. He was well-known for his efforts to advocate for African Americans' rights during the Reconstruction Era. Tourgee also had an essential part in crucial court decisions such as Plessy v. Ferguson, in which he fought for racial segregation. He also published several notable works that demonstrated the widespread unfairness that African Americans experience. Tourgee's passion for civil rights and services significantly influenced American culture. ● Why was Tourgee writing to Senator Abbott? 2. Albion Tourgee wrote to Senator Abbott because he advocated for African Americans' civil rights and equality. Tourgée believed in the need for political engagement and reaching out to politicians to promote change. He believed that the Republican party was not doing anything to help African Americans who were being attacked and wanted the Republicans to take responsibility. Tourgée's letter to Senator Abbott sought to express his concerns, explain his ideas, and get support for legislation or policies that would benefit the African American community. It allowed him to express himself and engage in contemporary civil rights discussions and conversations. ● What were Tourgee's critiques of Reconstruction policy? What problems did he enumerate? What remedies did he suggest? 3. Albion Tourgee has various criticisms about rebuilding. One of these included the notion that it did not defend African Americans' civil rights. He thought that people should be treated fairly and equally. He also believed that Reconstruction was not beneficial economically. He advocated that the US implement Civil Rights legislation to address these issues. This would have given African Americans equal access to things like schooling. Fourteenth Amendment ● What are two important provisions of the 14th Amendment? 4. The Fourteenth Amendment would include two crucial provisions: equal protection and the prohibition of denying anyone their life, liberty, or property. These provisions demonstrate how all men were created equally. Everyone was expected to have equal rights, such as protection. When these rights are taken away, people lose their natural or unalienable rights.

● In what specific ways does the 14th Amendment impact our society today? 5. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution has a wide-ranging influence on modern life. It bans the government from taking away rights without due process. This Amendment also promotes equality for all. The 14th Amendment has played an essential role in developing civil rights legislation. This is owing to its requirement that there be no segregation. Without it, taking away rights from specific races would not be illegal. Dawes Act ● What was the purpose of the Dawes Act? 6. The Dawes Act was a policy named for Senator Henry Dawes. The goal of this Act was to integrate Native Americans into white/mainstream society. Settlers did this because they considered Native American traditions barbaric. This Act aimed to break apart indigenous tribes. Only Native Americans who agreed to these criteria were eligible for citizenship. Even if they disapproved, the property would still be sold to white settlers. Do you think this Act did more harm than good? ● Why? Explain. 7. In my opinion, I believe the Dawes Act caused more harm than benefit. This Act is only one of numerous examples of unlawful situations in the United States. Settlers were able to remove Native Americans' homes, land, and culture just because they wanted to. Millions of acres of land were stolen from these people. This Act also caused controversy and corruption within the administration and weakened Native American tribes. Long- term consequences for the Native Americans include loss of cultural identity, intergenerational trauma, and so much more. With all of these facts, I feel the Dawes Act was highly detrimental. The New South (Grady) ● Who was Henry Grady? Write a brief biography of him. 8. Henry W. Grady, born on May 24, 1850, in Athens, Georgia, was an American orator and journalist who helped reintegrate the Confederate states into the Union following the American Civil War. Henry Grady graduated from the University of Georgia and began to study literature. Grady promoted the industrialization of the South and restored the states after the Civil War. ● What was the point of Grady's speech? What do you think he meant by a "New South?" 9. Grady created a speech to address problems that were taking place in the South. Grady believed that white Americans were superior and African American people were trying to take their power away. Grady's vision for the "new South" was about embracing industrialization and improving race relations in the post-Civil War era. His goal was to modernize the South and move past the agricultural-based economy of the past. Atlanta Exposition Address (B. T. Washington) ● How did Booker T. Washington's response to Jim Crow legislation differ from that of W. E. B. DuBois? 10. Jim Crow laws allowed segregation in all public spaces. W.E.B. DuBois was an advocate for African American rights. However, their opinions were different. Booker T.

Washington Booker T. Washington believed that African Americans should accept limitations to progress economically inside the country. He also stressed the necessity of Black individuals getting an education. However, W.E.B. DuBois believed that black people should be treated equally. While doing so, he criticized Washington's approach to the community. ● Washington's speech is sometimes called the "Atlanta Compromise". Do you see it as a compromise? Explain. 11. Booker T. Washington's speech can be interpreted as a compromise. It demonstrates that some people decided it was better to give in rather than fight for what they knew was right. Washington was ready to tolerate abuse as a means for African Americans to advance in the business. Homestead Act ● What was the purpose of the Homestead Act? 12. The Homestead Act was created in 1862 to promote colonization and development in the Western United States. Any adult or intended citizen who completed the conditions, including improving the property and living on it for a set period, was allowed access to 160 acres of public land. The Act was meant to foster agricultural growth, economic progress, and the opportunity for individuals to become landowners. This legislation was significant for the United States' westward expansion. Who supported the Homestead Act? Do you think there may have been reasons to oppose it? 13. Many organizations, including laborers, farmers, and those seeking possibilities in the West, backed the Homestead Act. Abraham Lincoln is one of the most well-known figures. Lincoln was the president who signed the Act. He believed that providing land to settlers and promoting growth were vital. Horace Greeley, a newspaper editor, also supported the Act. Greely thought that the Act would create many opportunities for individuals. Overall, the Homestead Act was considered an instrument for promoting the United States' economic growth. However, there were other reasons to oppose the Homestead Act. Some said that it led Native American tribes to be uprooted from their ancestral lands. Some argued that the rule favored large corporations and land speculators who could purchase vast tracts. ● Explain. ● To what degree was the Homestead Act successful? 14. In specific ways, the Homestead Act may be successful. In total, settlers received over 270 million acres of land. This gave many individuals a chance to engage in the economy. While doing so, the economy expanded dramatically. Although there were numerous advantages, there were also a few drawbacks. One issue was that previously enslaved people could not acquire any land. Sources

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