POLS 1101 Study Gude for Exam 2

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Galen College of Nursing *

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2112

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Political Science

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Feb 20, 2024

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In a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government. Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between states and federal government. The amount of federal grant money going to states has steadily increased since the 1960s. United States v. Windsor legalized same-sex marriage in the United States. Kelo v. City of New London allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added he Fourteenth Amendment was critically important for civil liberties because it helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights A group of African American students believes a college admissions test that is used by a public university discriminates against them. What legal standard would the courts use in deciding their case? strict scrutiny Which of the following types of discrimination would be subject to the rational basis test? A law that treats 10-year-olds differently from 28-year-olds The doctrine that people who do jobs that require the same level of skill, training, or education are thus entitled to equal pay is known as comparable worth. The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of this tribe from Georgia to Oklahoma Cherokee AIM was a group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation The Supreme Court decision ruling that “separate but equal” was unconstitutional and began the process of racial desegregation was Brown v. Board of Education Which clause of the 14 th Amendment requires the states to respect the rights of all U.S. citizens? the privileges and immunities clause Which of the following is not an agent of political socialization? a U.S. senator Presidential approval ratings decline over a president’s term of office How do polls affect presidential elections? Polls identify the top candidates and the media interview those candidates. Which of the following has the highest impact on a person's political affiliation, that is, whether someone is a Democrat or Republican? Parents

Which of the following is not a step in the initiative process? Signature or veto by state governor A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is faster and has higher turnout. A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the government proposes something, and the voters approve it Muckraking occurs when newspapers print more editorials and opinion pieces to sell papers The Supreme Court determined that the right of the press to print classified material is partial, and the press may print classified material only if it does not compromise troops or covert operatives Which of the following does not represent a major contributing factor in party realignment? third parties Which of the following statements about party polarization is not true. It has led to an increase in legislation passed by Congress. Members of the voting public who consider themselves to be part of a political party and/or who consistently prefer the candidates of one party over the other is a definition of the party-in-the electorate. Which of the following is not a reason for the two-party system in the United States? Article I of the Constitution Which of the following is not a reason for the decline of bipartisanship? more moderates in Congress In which type of electoral system do voters select the party of their choice rather than an individual candidate? plurality voting Divided government occurs when the president is from one party but the majority party in one or both houses of Congress is from a different party. POLS 1101 Study Questions for Exam 2 Questions for Chapters 1-4

What is the difference between elite theory and pluralist theory? he elite theory-a set of elite citizens is really in charge of government in the United States and that others have no influence. Pluralist theory - political power is distributed throughout society. What were some of the problems with the Articles of Confederation? Articles had created a central government too weak to function effectively. The national government had no power to impose taxes ; given the national government the power to coin money, they had not prohibited the states from doing so ; The national government could not impose taxes on citizens ; could not regulate foreign trade or interstate commerce ; could not raise an army ; Each state had only one vote in Congress regardless of its size ; The Articles could not be changed without a unanimous vote to do so ; There was no national judicial system . What are the differences between dual federalism and cooperative federalism? dual federalism, it erodes the jurisdictional boundaries between the states and national government, leading to a blending of layers as in a marble cake. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type? Under dual federalism, the states and national government exercise exclusive authority in distinctly delineated spheres of jurisdiction . Like the layers of a cake, Cooperative federalism the levels of government do not blend with one another but rather are clearly defined. Why is the 14th Amendment important? Fourteenth Amendment gives all people and groups in the United States the right to be treated equally regardless of individual attributes. Additional guarantees of equality are provided by the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, which states in part that “No State shall . . . deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws .” Thus, between the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, neither state governments nor the federal government may treat people unequally unless unequal treatment is necessary to maintain important governmental interests, like public safety. What civil liberties are protected by the 1st Amendment? Denies the government of the power to prohibit “ the free exercise” of religion . What standards do courts use for the rational basis test, the intermediate scrutiny test, and the strict scrutiny test? the courts are applying the rational basis test. That as long as there’s a reason for treating some people differently that is “rationally related to a legitimate government interest ,” the discriminatory act or law or policy is acceptable. Discrimination based on gender or sex is generally examined with intermediate scrutiny . It requires the government to demonstrate that treating men and women differently is “substantially related to an important governmental objective.” Under strict scrutiny, the burden of proof is on the government to demonstrate that there is a compelling governmental interest in treating people from one group differently from those who are not part of that

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