CH 15 Notes

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School

California State University, Monterey Bay *

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Course

108

Subject

Political Science

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by ConstableJay3598

Radical Reconstruction in the South ❖ What were the social and political effects of Radical Reconstruction in the South? Black Political Activity ❖ “The Tocsin of Freedom” ➢ Outburst of political action among former slaves ➢ Direct action including sit-ins, strikes, and lecture tours ➢ The Union League ➢ By 1870, all former Confederate states were readmitted, most under republican control,and with new state constitutions ❖ The Black Officeholder ➢ Highest offices nearly all held by whites, but African-Americans were represented at every level of government ➢ Ensured quality before the law ➢ Vast majority of black officeholders were former slaves Early Reconstruction in the South ❖ Carpetbaggers and Scalawags ➢ Carpetbaggers ■ Northerners who moved to the South after the war ■ Most were Union soldiers who never left after the war ended ➢ Scalawags ■ Southern republicans ■ Most were non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry ❖ Southern republicans in Power ➢ First state-supported public school ➢ Civil rights legislation ➢ Strengthened rural laborers and prompted South’s economic recovery ❖ The quest for prosperity ➢ Regional economic development ➢ Railroad construction The Overthrow of Reconstruction ❖ What were the main factors, in both the North and the South, for the overthrow of reconstruction? The Violent Response to Reconstruction ❖ Reconstruction’s Opponents ➢ The South’s traditional leaders bitterly opposed Reconstruction governments ➢ Rising taxes for schools and railroad subsidies also unpopular most opposed because they could not accept the full citizenship of former slaves ❖ “A Reign of Terror” ➢ Violence remained widespread

➢ Ku Klux Klan ➢ Enforcement Act outlawed terrorist societies and allowed the president to use the army against them Retreat from Radicalism ❖ The Liberal Republican ➢ North’s commitment to reconstruction waned in the 1870s ➢ New generation of Republicans believe the South should figure out Reconstruction on its own ➢ In 1872, the Liberal Republican Party formed and argued that the federal government's power should be curtailed, which appealed to Southern Democrats hoping to return to power ❖ The North’s Retreat ➢ Resurgence of racism in the North ➢ In 1873, the country plunged into a deep economic depression ➢ Civil Rights Act of 1875 ■ Outlawed racial discrimination in public accommodation ➢ SCOTUS whittled away black rights The Abandonment of Reconstruction ❖ The Triumph of the Redeemers ➢ Victorious Southern Democrats called themselves “Redeemers” ➢ Violence erupts again ❖ The Disputed Election and Bargain of 1877 ➢ The election was so close, an electoral commission had to come to a decision about who won the 1876 election ➢ Hayes team agree to Democratic control of the South if he hot the executive office ➢ Bargain of 1877 Conclusion ❖ The End of reconstruction ➢ Reconstruction was a remarkable chapter in American History ➢ Revealed tensions in nineteenth-century ideas of freedom

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