CH S 260 article 111

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California State University, Northridge *

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AMERICAN G

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Political Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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CH S 260 Article III 1) What qualifications does one need to be appointed to the Supreme Court? A candidate for appointment must have served for at least ten years as a judge of a court in California or as a member of the State Bar of California. 2) How many justices were appointed to the Supreme Court when it was first established? How may justices sit on the Court today? In the United States, the Supreme Court. The number of Justices has ranged from six to nine since 1869, with one serving as Chief Justice. 3) What did the Court decide in the case Marbury v. Madison? Why is it a significant case? The concept of judicial review the ability of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional was created in the Marbury v. Madison case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1803. 4) Congress has the authority to establish all lower courts. By what authority was the Supreme Court established? The Supreme Court was established by the United States Constitution's Article III, and Congress was given the power to enact legislation that established a system of inferior courts. 94 district level trial courts and 13 courts of appeals make up the current structure of the federal court system, which is below the Supreme Court. 5) Justice Antonin Scalia, while on the Court, was viewed as a Textualist or Originalist in terms of how he interpreted the Constitution. If the constitution is to be viewed this way, can you see a contradiction in his philosophy? Hint: Slavery, Civil Rights According to Justice Scalia, the Constitution is not meant to expand. He is in conflict with the idea that many individuals would not have rights if we had never expanded upon the original wording. If many other issues had not been handled and society had not evolved as it did, slavery would still be legal, women and African-Americans would not be able to vote, and many other things. 6) Who the Court’s first Chief Justice? Who was the first woman appointed to the Court? The first female associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Sandra Day O'Connor was an American lawyer, politician, and judge who is now retired. She was born on

March 26, 1930. From 1981 until 2006, she held that position. In terms of nomination and confirmation to the court, she was the first woman. 7) Define: Judicial Restraint-the idea that judges should refrain from imposing their biases on cases and decisions. Judicial Activism-the use of judicial review to invalidate actions by the government. Strict Constructionist- In view of its original intent when it was drafted, the Constitution should be carefully interpreted. Loose Constructionist-the jurisprudential approach wherein the Constitution is loosely interpreted, usually by reading between the lines, to derive a meaning.

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