Machiavelli Assignment

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Political Science

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Dec 6, 2023

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POLS 200 Methods of Political Science R. H. Bruhl Fall 2023 Reading and Discussion Assignment for The Prince , by Niccolo Machiavelli (10 points) Due 9/29/23 Please read The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli, and consider the following questions: 1. How is Machiavelli’s method of analysis similar to that of Aristotle in Politics ? What dimension of analysis does Machiavelli add? (2 points) ANS: Machiavelli and Aristotle both address the topic of politics and governance in their respective works, "The Prince" and "Politics," but their methods of analysis differ in significant ways while sharing some similarities. Both Machiavelli and Aristotle concentrate on politics, particularly in terms of how to effectively govern a state. Particularly in the field of leadership, power, and the organization of the state. Next, both thinkers rely heavily on empirical observations and practical examples from real-world politics. Machiavelli often refers to historical events and leaders in "The Prince." For example, he discusses the successes and failures of rulers like Cesare Borgia and Agathocles. He uses these cases to illustrate his points on effective leadership and the use of power. Machiavelli draws on his views regarding the state of Italian politics at the time. He sheds light on the intricate relationships between powers, disputes between city-states, and tactics used by tyrants to hold onto power. Aristotle analyzes several types of governance using instances from the past and present. He analyzes the practicalities of the political structures of city-states like Sparta and Athens. Based on actual observations, Aristotle offers comparative analysis of several political systems, including oligarchy and democracy. By citing actual applications of various systems, he assesses the benefits and drawbacks of each. Machiavelli incorporates a realpolitik component into his analysis, which is distinguished by a pragmatist and brutal approach to statecraft. He makes it clear that to preserve stability and power, rulers must resort to all measures necessary, including cruelty, dishonesty, and manipulation. This stands in sharp contrast to the more idealistic and ethically motivated method of Aristotle.

2. According to Machiavelli’s analysis, why is it better for a leader to be feared than loved? (2 points) - Fear is more reliable: Fear, in Machiavelli's opinion, is a more stable and consistent feeling than love. While people's feelings of attachment might be erratic and short-lived, fear is usually more permanent. Leaders who depend on affection could see fluctuations in their popularity, whereas those who inspire terror are more likely to hold onto power. - Necessity of making tough decisions: Machiavelli highlighted the harsh realities of leadership, which frequently call for making tough choices and taking unpopular acts in the interest of the state. Too much love-seeking can prevent leaders from taking necessary but unpopular steps, which can cause instability or weaken their position of authority. - Control and Deterrence: A leader that inspires terror can keep more strict control over their followers and prevent them from rebelling or opposing them. People are less inclined to question authority when they fear the repercussions of doing so. Higher levels of stability in the state may result from this control. - Avoiding Manipulation: Leaders who are overly adored could be vulnerable to manipulation by advisors or courtiers who want to take advantage of their fondness. Conversely, fear prevents others from taking advantage of the leader and makes it harder for them to control them. 3. Above all things, what must be avoided in any republic? Why? (2 points) ANS: A crucial concept that is highlighted is the necessity for any republic or state to avoid internal division and conflict. This is important because internal strife may cause the state to deteriorate or even collapse. Machiavelli's pragmatic and realpolitik viewpoint is the basis for his emphasis on preventing internal division. According to Machiavelli, a single state is more powerful and stable. Internal conflicts, such as rivalries, political groups, or civil unrest, can destabilize society and impair the state's capacity to rule. Moreover, a state is more susceptible to external threats when it has internal divisions. A weak and divided republic may be exploited by other states or foreign powers, which could result in its annexation or subjection. Additionally, when there is internal conflict, the state's resources and officials could be more focused on resolving internal issues than on tackling external threats. This may lead to a lack of readiness to protect the nation from threats outside. Also, internal division may have detrimental effects on the

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