CJ 207 Project One -Feb 4 @10_55pm

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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207

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Political Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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CJ 207 Project One Template Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. The Court System Relationship Among the Three Courts Checks and Balances Relationship of the Supremacy Clause and Federal Superiority Rule to the Courts We operate under a dual court system in the United States. The dual court system operates on the state and federal levels, operating independently of each other. A dual court system is set up so that you can be charged by the state and federal court if convicted of a crime. For both levels, there is a trial and appellate Each branch of government has individual powers to check the other branches and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful . The Executive branch (POTUS) checks on the judiciary branch by having the authority to nominate judges and discretionary power over the legislative branch. The Legislative branch is the checks and balance system for The Judiciary branch. The Legislative has restraining power with constitutional power and the power to impeach members of the judiciary branch. The judiciary branch is the checks and balances with the power to review laws and determine constitutionality. The Supremacy clause allows federal courts to preempt any state law even if it conflicts with it. When this clause is implemented, it can require the state to stop the law that may potentially conflict with federal law. Functions and Responsibilities of Various Members

Members Functions Responsibilities Judge A judge is the main decision-maker in a courtroom. Provide guidelines for the court proceedings. Judges ensure order in the courtroom. They sign warrants. Meet with various allied professionals to determine pretrial information and set bail. Schedule and/or postpone trials. Assist in the jury selection. Prosecutor Provide legal representation of the government or state. A prosecutor decides who will be charged and what charges will be filed. A prosecutor’s responsibilities are to evaluate the strength of cases, participate in plea negations, help prepare arrest warrants, research, and present cases. And voir dire potential jury members. Defense Counsel Provide legal representation for the accused. A defense counsel works on behalf of the accused. They investigate the case and interview witnesses, build a strategic defense case, draft and file appeals, and interview and voir dire potential jury members. Allied Professionals Allied professionals include courtroom deputies, bailiffs, court reporters, court interpreters, pretrial services offices, and jury administrators. Their responsibilities are to keep the courtroom running smoothly and maintain its safety (Many are administrative duties). They all work together with the judge. Roles of Various Courts Local Appeals Courts State Appeals Courts Federal Appeals Courts Special Courts or Problem-Solving Courts The lowest level of the appeals court. If the offender feels there is an error or such, then it goes to the next highest court. State appeals review decisions with traffic, misdemeanor cases where no incarceration is imposed, domestic, and small claims. Motioned from the lower courts, and this is the final step. R eviewing the lower courts' decisions determines if the law was properly applied in the lower court. Focus on alternatives to incarceration as in cases involving substance abuse and mental disorders. Juvenile courts apply laws and judgments applicable to juveniles. Jurisdictions Military Courts Native American Courts Military courts hear cases of criminal charges and violations of service members. And apply laws according to the Uniformed Code of Military Justice. Native American Courts hear cases of violations committed within tribal jurisdiction. They enforce tribal laws. Local and state courts have no jurisdiction in tribal-related crimes

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