CJ 207 Project One -Feb 4 @10_55pm
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School
Southern New Hampshire University *
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Course
207
Subject
Political Science
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by GrandFlowerCheetah21
CJ 207 Project One Template
Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. The Court System
Relationship Among the Three
Courts
Checks and Balances
Relationship of the Supremacy
Clause and Federal Superiority
Rule to the Courts
We operate under a dual court system in the United States. The
dual court system operates on the state and federal levels, operating independently of each other. A dual court system is set up so that you can be charged by the state and federal
court if convicted of a crime. For
both levels, there is a trial and appellate
Each branch of government has individual powers to check the other branches and prevent any
one branch from becoming too powerful
. The Executive branch (POTUS) checks on the judiciary branch by having the authority to nominate judges and discretionary power over the legislative branch. The Legislative branch is the checks and balance system for The Judiciary branch. The Legislative has restraining power with constitutional power and the power to impeach members of the judiciary branch. The judiciary branch is the checks and balances with the power to review laws and determine constitutionality.
The Supremacy clause allows federal courts to preempt any state law even if it conflicts with
it. When this clause is implemented, it can require the state to stop the law that may potentially conflict with federal law.
Functions and Responsibilities of Various Members
Members Functions
Responsibilities
Judge
A judge is the main decision-maker in a courtroom. Provide guidelines for the court proceedings. Judges ensure order in the courtroom. They sign warrants. Meet with various allied professionals to determine pretrial information and set bail. Schedule and/or postpone trials. Assist in the jury selection.
Prosecutor
Provide legal representation of the government or state.
A prosecutor decides who will be charged and what charges will be filed. A prosecutor’s responsibilities are to evaluate the strength of cases, participate in plea negations, help prepare arrest warrants, research, and present cases. And voir dire potential jury members.
Defense Counsel
Provide legal representation for the accused. A defense counsel works on behalf of the accused. They investigate the case
and interview witnesses, build a strategic defense case, draft and file appeals, and interview and voir dire potential jury members.
Allied Professionals
Allied professionals include courtroom deputies, bailiffs, court reporters, court interpreters, pretrial services offices, and jury administrators.
Their responsibilities are to keep the courtroom running smoothly and maintain its safety (Many are administrative duties). They all work together with the judge.
Roles of Various Courts
Local Appeals Courts
State Appeals Courts
Federal Appeals
Courts
Special Courts or
Problem-Solving Courts
The lowest level of the appeals court. If the offender feels there is an error or such, then it goes to the next highest court.
State appeals review decisions with traffic, misdemeanor cases where no incarceration
is imposed, domestic, and small claims. Motioned from the lower courts, and this is the final step. R
eviewing the lower
courts' decisions determines if the law was properly applied in the lower
court.
Focus on alternatives to incarceration as in cases involving substance abuse and mental disorders. Juvenile courts apply laws and judgments applicable to juveniles.
Jurisdictions
Military Courts
Native American Courts
Military courts hear cases of criminal charges and
violations of service members. And apply laws according to the Uniformed Code of Military Justice.
Native American Courts hear cases of violations committed within tribal jurisdiction. They enforce
tribal laws. Local and state courts have no jurisdiction in tribal-related crimes
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