Chapter 2 Questions

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Tarrant County College, Fort Worth *

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2306

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Political Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Chapter 2 Questions 1) What is the difference between a pure democracy and a republic? What system does the Does the United States have? In a democracy, the people are in charge. Individual citizens hold greater power than the rest in a republic. A voting majority in a pure democracy has virtually unrestricted authority to enact laws. Minorities are not well protected from the majority's will, but in a republic, the people elect representatives who then enact laws within the bounds of a constitution. It is said that the United States is a "representative democracy." It is, however, a hybrid democratic republic rather than a pure republic or democracy. There is an official body of fundamental laws in a republic such as the United States. The government cannot restrict or eliminate a citizen's right under the Constitution or the Bill of Rights, even if the majority of the population freely elected the government. 2) Describe Federalism and how it differs from the other systems described in the text. Federalism is the name given to a form of government in which the federal government and the state governments each have different levels of authority. The federal government of the United States is endowed with a number of powers, including the authority to control mail delivery, declare war, regulate interstate commerce, and print money. State governments are endowed with unique powers. In general, state governments oversee elections, police forces, roads, driver's licenses, education, and other matters. The states and the people retain all authority not delegated to the federal government. 3) What are delegated and implied powers? How do they differ? The ability to issue money, manage trade, declare war, build and maintain an armed forces, and open a post office are examples of delegated powers. Conversely, implied powers are derived from necessary and proper clauses even though they are not expressly stated in the Constitution. It is up to the courts to define what constitutes an implied power because these powers are not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. Congress is empowered under this clause "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and other powers vested in the government of the United States." 4) What are the 4 versions of federalism and what are their differences? Dual federalism, cooperative federalism, creative federalism, and new federalism are the four different forms of federalism. Dual Federalism posits a distinctly defined division of powers between the federal government and the states, with each governing within its respective sphere of influence. State governments handled public health and education, while the federal government handled foreign policy and national defense.It placed a strong emphasis on interpreting the Constitution strictly, limiting the authority of the federal government to that which is expressly provided. The focus of cooperative federalism is on shared accountability and collaboration between the federal and state governments. There was a diversity of responsibilities amongst the levels of government, and the federal government became increasingly involved in different policy areas. The need for a coordinated response to the
economic difficulties posed by the Great Depression and subsequent crises was the driving force behind this change. The concept of federal grants to states and localities that specify how the money should be used to address particular issues is highlighted by creative federalism. Particularly in the areas of transportation and education, the federal government took a more active role in overseeing and supporting state and local initiatives. During this time, the federal government's ability to direct and shape state and local policy grew. The New Federalism This version places more emphasis on the states regaining their sovereignty and the federal government playing a smaller role. It is frequently connected to a decentralization-related desire. There's a push for states to have less federal interference in their policy-making and implementation processes. Supporters contend that by restoring the proper balance between federal and state authority, this version demonstrates a commitment to local decision-making. 5) Why has federalism and the roles of the federal and state governments changed over time? In the United States, the functions of the federal and state governments have evolved over time as a result of a number of variables, such as shifting constitutional interpretations, social and political movements, and economic difficulties. Social movements, technological advancements, economic shifts, and interstate challenges are a few of the causes of these changes. the necessity of a coordinated response to economic downturns, like the Great Depression, which prompted more federal engagement in financial affairs. The federal government began to step in where the states were supposed to handle matters of inequality and discrimination as a result of the civil rights movement and other social movements. The nation's technological advancements have made it more sensible for the federal government to get involved in areas like environmental regulation, communication, and transportation. issues like public health emergencies, environmental pollution, and federal coordination and intervention that transcend state lines.
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