POL 123 MIDTERM REVIEW

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Toronto Metropolitan University *

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123

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Political Science

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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POL 123 MIDTERM REVIEW  Upper Tier, Lower tier, single tier: Peel, Brampton, Toronto respectively  De-Facto Municipalities: autonomous by right early municipal government in NA  De-Jure Municipalities: Creatures of higher Governments (Current municipalities)  There are 444 municipalities in Ontario  The current Municipal act came to effect on January 1, 2003  The British North America act (Constitution act) was passed by the British Parliament in 1867  Section 91 of the constitution discusses FEDERAL government’s powers  Section 92 and 92a Provincial Government  Section 92.8 Municipal Government  Section 35 Aboriginal Rights  There are over 630 first nation communities in Canada (50 nations/50 languages)  There were 70 treaties with first nation signed before 1973 (25 after)

 St. John, NB became the first city in Canada on 30 April, 1785  Toronto 6 March, 1834 (Incorporation date)  The Durham Report 1839  Act of Union (Upper and Lower Canada became same entity) 1840  District Coucil Act 1846  The Baldwin Act/Municipal Corporation Act 1849  The Baldwin Act 1849 - The municipal corporations act- Also known as the Baldwin Act- established the blueprint for the system of local government operating in Canada Today _main purpose was to combine all municipal legislation under one distinct act - it also- creature of the province - Established counties, as upper municipal govt tier - established villages towns, cities, as municipal units - it set a precedent where provincial govts maintained municipal govt systems - Distinct urban and rural designations very limited range of authority property tax as the main revenue stream  Williams Treaty 1923  Indian Act April 12, 1876  132 Residential Schools across Canada (18 in Ontario)  Metro Toronto- formed in 1953  Current City of Toronto- 1998(Amalgamation)  There were THREE reviews of the ‘Metro Toronto’ system: o First review was in 1957 o Goldenberg Review (1963-1967) o Hobarts (Royal) Commission Review (1974-1977)  The GTA Task force (established to provide a direction for the future of the region) came up with the Golden Repor t that was published in 1996  The Common Sense revolution (PC & Mike Harris) ( 1995-2002 ) o It was a neo-liberal reform unveiled by the progressive Conservatives in 1994 promising ‘lower taxes, less government and 725,000 jobs in Ontario’  Bill 103 of the City of Toronto act eliminated Metro Toronto system in 1997  1998 Toronto Amalgamation (56 wards)  October 1, 2021 The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Ontario law that slashed down the city of TO’s council size

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