Literature Review

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Tallahassee Community College *

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2004

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Political Science

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by ChefKouprey12893

Literature Review The events of September 11, 2001, marked a significant moment in modern history, leaving a deep impact on both the United States and the world. The aftermath of the attacks brought about a complex interplay of forces that continues to shape American society today. This exploration delves into the many dynamics of the aftermath, including news coverage, governmental policies, public trust, and the evolving media landscape. The repercussions of that fateful day extend far beyond the immediate devastation, permeating the very fabric of American governance, societal sentiments, and the dissemination of information. As we embark on this journey, we will be looking at sources that illuminate the intricate layers of the post-9/11 landscape, seeking to unravel the subtle connections that bind news narratives, policy formulations, public sentiments, and media dynamics. In the 1990s, the United States emerged as the leading superpower globally through its economic growth and technological advancements. However, this period was not without its geopolitical challenges and early warning signs of terrorism, such as the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and the 1998 embassy bombings attributed to al-Qaeda. The events of September 11, 2001, proved to be a turning point, prompting a significant reevaluation of the nation's security and foreign policies. The ensuing War on Terror, marked by the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, not only reshaped the global landscape but also had a profound impact on domestic governance, including the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security and the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Act. Bell's comprehensive study, "Public Trust in Government: 1958-2023," meticulously examines the gradual erosion of public trust in the U.S. government, which has its roots in historical events such as the Vietnam War and the Watergate

scandal and sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the current state of public trust in the government. The National Security Strategy of 2002, developed during George W. Bush's presidency, is an important document that outlined the immediate response to the 9/11 attacks. This strategy prioritized the defense of global liberties, justice, and human dignity, and became a guiding principle for subsequent policy formulations. It is crucial to understanding the impact of news coverage on policies and provides valuable insights into the interplay between media narratives and governmental actions. The commitment to supporting democracy and fighting global terrorism continues to resonate across different administrations. Gunaratna's analysis of the repercussions of post-9/11 counterterrorism efforts also broadens the perspective internationally. Military operations, the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, and global counterterrorism programs were direct responses aimed at dismantling terrorist infrastructure. However, these efforts resulted in unintended consequences, such as the rise of new extremist groups and the erosion of human rights. Gunaratna's insights provide a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between governmental actions and their consequences, enriching the exploration of the impact of news coverage on policies and public opinion. This source expands our perspective by establishing connections between international counterterrorism initiatives and their consequences on the domestic front. It sheds light on the growing politicization of the media industry, exemplified by the critique labeling journalism as an "enemy of the people." In stark contrast, the source underscores the enduring and pivotal role of journalism in holding those in positions of power accountable. It offers valuable insights into the shifts and transformations within journalism and the broader media landscape that unfolded in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Notably, the source emphasizes the critical need to uphold

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