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Behavioral addiction, or process addiction, refers to compulsive behaviors that individuals engage in despite experiencing harmful consequences. Similar to substance addiction, those with process addiction struggle to cease or decrease the behavior despite adverse outcomes ( What Is a Process Addiction? | Caron , n.d.). Both process addiction and substance use disorder share numerous similarities. They both activate the reward pathway in our brain, triggering dopamine release, which induces pleasurable sensations. This can result in a desire for more and decreased self-control when confronted with stimuli. Eventually, both addictions can have severe negative consequences on an individual's well-being (Officer, 2019). The primary distinction between substance use disorder and process addiction is that people with process addiction engage in a particular activity or behavior repeatedly to achieve the desired outcome. On the other hand, those with substance use disorder use drugs or alcohol to attain the same effect (Officer, 2019). The length and level of treatment can differ significantly between substance use disorders and process addictions. Substance use disorder treatment typically involves a structured and intensive program that may include inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient treatment, or a combination of both, depending on the individual's requirements and the severity of the addiction ( Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition) | NIDA Archives , 2014). Process addictions may require less severe treatment, like outpatient therapy or support group attendance (Potenza, 2014). It is important to take age and developmental stage into account while deciding on the treatment approach for substance use disorders and process addictions. Adolescents and young adults may require interventions that address their

developmental needs and any underlying psychological or social factors contributing to addiction (Hadland et al., 2021). When treating older adults, it is essential to consider age-related medical conditions, potential medication interactions, and emotional well-being (Randhawa & Varghese, 2022). All this being said, it is crucial to adapt treatment interventions to the specific developmental stage and age group to improve treatment efficacy and outcomes. In closing, substance use disorders and process addictions differ in terms of substances/behaviors and treatment methods. Substance use disorders need detoxification, medication, and intensive treatment. Process addictions are treated with psychotherapy and support groups. Age and characteristics of the individual are crucial factors in developing an effective treatment plan. References Hadland, S. E., Yule, A. M., Levy, S. J., Hallett, E., Silverstein, M., & Bagley, S. M. (2021). Evidence-Based Treatment of Young Adults With Substance Use Disorders. Pediatrics , 147 (Supplement 2), S204–S214. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-023523d Officer, J. B., LMHC, MCAP, Chief Clinical. (2019, December 30). How Do Process Addictions Differ from Substance Use Disorders? Foundations Wellness Center. https://foundationswellness.net/addiction-recovery/how-do-process-addictions-differ- from-substance-use-disorders/ Pedersen, T. (2021, May 10). Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Therapy and More . Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/addictions/substance-use-disorders-treatment

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