PSY 211 Project One

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Psychology

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May 30, 2024

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February 17, 2024 PSY 211 Project One 1. Describe the ways in which Piaget’s research applies to Kelly’s development. There are many ways in which Piaget’s research applies to Kelly’s development. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development involved four stages of learning. He held the belief that children take an active role in learning. He believed that children learn throughout their childhood as they interact with the environment around them. They are continually obtaining new information and knowledge that will add to what they already know (Cherry, 2023) Kelly grew up in a highly toxic environment. Her mother has a history of excessive drinking, disregard for appropriate health practices, and severe psychosocial trauma, which likely harmed her daughter in a numerous ways. Kelly learned to cope with problems in a negative way as a result of witnessing her mother's toxic behaviors. Because of this foundation, she is likely to have learned more negative habits and methods of coping, resulting in significant psychological issues such as anxiety and anger issues. 2. Describe the ways in which Vygotsky’s research applies to Kelly’s development. There are many ways in which Vygotsky’s research applies to Kelly’s development. His ideals were similar to Piaget's, although he focused more on society and culture. Piaget believed that growth is mostly driven from within, but Vygotsky argued that external stimuli and individuals have a larger influence on children. He believed that a child's culture and the people with whom they are nurtured had a greater influence on their development (Cherry, 2023). Kelly was not only taught how to deal with life in unhealthy ways by her mother, but she was also most likely impacted by her sibling, who later died from addiction, as well as many other individuals in her environment. She was most likely bullied in school as a result of her mental health issues, and she was also likely influenced by the behavior of her teachers, who struggled to help her with her mental health. All of this must have made it incredibly hard for her to have healthy relationships with the people in her life which in turn negatively affected her development. 3. Identify factors that could have influenced Kelly’s physical well-being during the prenatal, birth, and early childhood stages of development. There are several factors that could have influenced Kelly’s physical well-being during the prenatal, birth, and early childhood stages of development. Kelly's physical well-being was most certainly influenced by her mother's heavy drinking. If her mother drank alcohol when pregnant with her, it most likely had an impact on her health and development. She could have developed fetal alcohol syndrome. This is a condition that develops in children as a result of their mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes brain damage and developmental issues. Some physical effects include slow physical growth before and after birth, vision or hearing issues, and small head circumference or brain size. Other serious issues would be heart defects, kidney problems, and bone defects. (Mayo Clinic , 2018) Kelly's mother's unhealthy habits may have also had detrimental effects on her physical health. Her physical health may suffer in the long run if her mother did not seek medical care for herself or her child 1

during pregnancy, postpartum, and during her daughter's childhood. Another huge factor that probably influenced Kelly’s physical wellbeing was her exposure to trauma. Traumatic experiences can cause intense emotions and physical reactions that might last a lifetime. Children may experience physiological symptoms such heart palpitations, vomiting, or loss of bowel or bladder control (Peterson, 2018). Kelly's physical health may have suffered as a result of her mother’s severe psychosocial trauma. 4. Identify factors that could have influenced Kelly’s cognitive well-being during the prenatal, birth, and early childhood stages of development. There are several factors that could have influenced Kelly’s cognitive well-being during the prenatal, birth, and early childhood stages of development. When a mother consumes excessive amounts of alcohol while pregnant, her child may experience a variety of cognitive development problems. Some problems could include poor coordination or balance, problems with reasoning and problem-solving, jittery or hyperactive tendencies, intellectual impairment, learning problems, delayed development and poor memory (Mayo Clinic , 2018). Kelly most likely experienced some of these issues due to her mother’s drinking. Abuse, chronic neglect, parental substance use problems or mental illness, and extreme poverty can all have a negative impact on a child's cognitive development. Prolonged stress exposure alters a child's brain development and raises the likelihood of long-term cognitive damage, even into adulthood (Effects of Stress on Child Development, 2022). Kelly’s cognitive wellbeing may have severely suffered due to her mother’s psychosocial trauma. 5. Identify factors that could have influenced Kelly’s psychosocial well-being during the early and middle childhood stages of development. There are many factors that could have influenced Kelly’s psychosocial well-being during the early and middle childhood stages of development. One factor would be her lack of emotional support due to her mother’s excessive drinking as well as her psychosocial trauma. Although it may have been unintentional, her mother may have been emotionally negligent. Emotionally negligent parents may have a negative impact on their children by failing to recognize or comprehend their child's emotional needs. Emotional neglect throughout childhood can have long-term consequences for emotional well-being. These children can develop conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. In addition, emotional neglect can lead to abandonment issues and have a negative impact on a child's attachment pattern. Children may grow up to have difficulty trusting others and establishing meaningful connections (Ph.D, 2024). Kelly’s psychosocial wellbeing was most likely very much influenced by her mother’s poor choices and mental struggles. 6. Evaluate the sociocultural factors that could contribute to Kelly’s maladaptive behavior. Kelly's ability to communicate, cope with stress, lack of parental involvement, and her beliefs are all sociocultural factors that could have led to her maladaptive behavior. She was raised watching how her mother reacted to life's challenges and eventually developed these similar tendencies. When she is asked to communicate with people, she struggles to control her anger or convey her wants effectively. She struggles to follow directions because she may not have been taught the proper approach to receive criticism and cope with authority. 2

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