PSYCH 414-14

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Feb 20, 2024

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PSYCH 414-14 What is the flow of activation through the "neural network" governed by? Strengths of interconnecting weights. Rumelhart model if the weights are set to the "right" strengths, the model encodes the same information contained in the C+Q model Can't tell what knowledge is stored in the network just by looking at it --> have to do trial and error teaching signal comparing what really happened to one's expectations how does the brain learn categories? it naturally defines them based on similar activation for similar items How is the Rumelhart model economical? New knowledge can be added without adding new elements to the structure How did B.F. Skinner argue that language is learned? via operant conditioning What does it mean that language is generative? We can produce way more things than only stuff we've heard before (infinite number of possible sentences) dual route model rule-based route can handle novel forms and familiar forms exception system can memorize expectations we happen to know these operate in parallel surface dyslexia familiar words are pronounced wrong (e.g. produce "pint" to rhyme with "mint") deep dyslexia lose rule system (e.g. difficulty reading non-words or semantic errors --> produce "yacht" as "boat") What is the u-shaped curve in inflection? Kids use the wrong tense of a word, then correct it, then again use wrong tense. What causes the u-shaped curve in inflection? rule governed behavior (no associative learning mechanism would cause the kids to stop using a correct form and/or using forms they've never actually heard) What does the u-shaped curve in inflection tell us?
That language is not just an accumulation of knowledge over development. What is orthography? Spelling What three aspects are in the triangle model? semantics, orthography, .and phonology What do ovals represent in the triangle model? simple processing units (e.g. neurons) that can become activated What do arrows represent in the triangle model? Activation spreading through connections between units. What does quasi-regular mean? Lots of consistency, but also a lot of irregularities. What are easy words in the language model? (High and low frequency) High frequency: Trained more often, so easier to learn by model Low frequency: Overlap with many other words
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