277f7141-649d-4afc-96de-fcec0a2bd197

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University of Texas, El Paso *

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4388

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Psychology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by ProfessorMask18402

RED questions are wrong! Put right answer beside it in BLACK. BLACK questions are correct 1. Georgia was ecstatic! The second line on the assured pregnancy test had finally appeared, and after months of trying she was pregnant. She was at the end of her trimester and going to see her OBGYN today for an ultrasound. She realized that the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain and spinal cord had already first specialized into 3 brain regions by __ weeks and that her baby would look like a baby at this point. -4 weeks 2. During leukemogenesis (development of leukemia), T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells can enter the brain using a G protein- coupled receptor called CCR7. In this case the leukemia is able to avoid chemotherapy that is given to the patient in the blood because of the blood brain barrier. The blood brain barrier is? - A highly selective structure form by astrocyte foot processes that shelters the brain from toxins, fluctuations in hormones, ions and neuroactive substances in the blood. 3. Your gastrointestinal system is resting and digesting. This all changes when a 8 foot tall grizzly bear and her cubs cross your path, not noticing you, you feel your heart race and sweat running down your face. Resting/digesting and fight/fright are products of your bodys? - Sympathetic and somatic branches of your endocrine system 4. All of the following senses are non-neuronal receptors except - Balance - Non-neuronal receptors: hair cells in ear, photoreceptors in eye (rods + cones) 5. Which of the following neurons relays signaling entirely inside of the central nervous system?

- (p.227) Interneurons of the CNS are C, E, and F

6. The brain spinal cord are the integrating center from homeostasis, movement and emergent properties such as (select all answers that apply) - intelligence , consciousness, emotion 7. It has been speculated by american neurologist that van gogh cut off his own ear and eventually killed himself due to ____ which is characterized by attacks of dizziness, nausea and overwhelming tinnitus. - Meniere's disease 8. ______ behaviors such as crying when we are sad or yelling loudly at the TV when the referee makes the wrong call during a football game are related to how we feel or our emotions. - Affective (emotion) (p.272) - Opposite is cognitive which is related to thinking 9. A key characteristic of cardiac muscle cells, that distinguishes it from skeletal muscle, is that although both tissues are striated, only cardiac muscle contains____ - Intercalated discs

10. During neurological signaling event, the neurotransmitter is stored in and released from (select all that apply) - Axon terminals, synaptic vesicles 11. The region human brain which regulates emotions and is involved in memory and learning is called the ____ and consists of_____ - Limbic system? Consists of amygdala, cingulate gyrus and hippocampus 12. At the university of texas at el paso students in dr. khans lab attempts to map trajectories that nerves follow in the body to control different behaviors. By some estimates ___ nerve cells link together to form the human central system - Billions 13. In the parasympathetic pathway, postganglionic nerves release which of the following neurotransmitters onto which of the following receptors to regulate muscle tone? - Acetylcholine: muscarinic receptors (remember parasympathetic is involved in rest adn relaxation) 14. Liz finally won miss el paso. She was overcome by a feeling of joy and accomplishment. She worked hard and lost 80lbs. Tears streamed down her cheeks. Crying and experiencing joy and satisfaction are all examples of what behaviors? - Affective behavior 15. Which of the two systems below are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system? -sympathetic and parasympathetic 16. Up until this point in the class, we have learned that the depolarizing phase of an action potential can result from - Na+ or K+ flow into the cell 17. Your friend is desperately trying to remember which branch of the autonomic nervous system has neurons that emerge only from the brainstem or the sacral region of the spine, and synapse close to the target organ. You draw the knowledge that you have from BIOL 4388 course and state - That is the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system - In contrast, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic neurons that emerge form the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord (closer to heart and lungs)

18. In humans, olfactory receptors are which class of proteins - G-protein coupled receptors 19. George sat down to take his test. He's been reading his text book each evening, and has set aside 4 hours each day to review course material, while practicing questions for himself and listening to the course lectures. He was confident that he had mastered the material for the exam, and found it quite easy to earn his A. what type of behaviors are related to georges thinking - Cognitive 20. Epinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic pathway. In this case which of the following events take place to promote sympathetic of cardiac muscles - Sympathetic neurons which originate from the thoracic or lumbar regions of the spine, release acetylcholine onto chromaffin cells within the adrenal medulla. The chromaffin cells produce epinephrine, which diffuses into the bloodstream and can act on target organs which express adrenergic receptors. 21. Olfactory or odorant receptors, found within the mucus layer of the nose, that contain cilia are - Chemoreceptors that travel straight from the nose to the first cranial nerve and olfactory bulb in the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum 22. All of the following statements regarding the absolute refractory period of an action potential are true EXCEPT - Allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first - We know that during the absolute refractory period, no stimulus can trigger another action potential

23. Within some areas of the body, nerve cells have long thin extensions that at their longest, can extend up to ____ in length - A meter 24. Its 12 noon and you are eating a sandwich, having a severe cold, while you know the meat you are eating is salty, your nose is salty, you cannot breathe out of it, and you are unable to tell whether you are eating ham or chicken and you don't have any interest in the food. What is the MOST LIKELY explanation for your inability to determine what you are eating? - While taste buds allow you to determine the food is salty, odorants must dissolve and reach your olfactory receptors to be able to smell the food. The thick mucus in your sinus would prevent the odorants from reaching the receptors. 25. Describing the __________, we are normally referring to both afferent and efferent neurons together. - Peripheral nervous system (PNS), divided into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) 26. During a neurological signaling event, once the signal reaches the ____ the signaling event is carried down the length of the axon. - presynaptic neuron? This isn’t the answer bc the presynaptic neuron is at the bottom/distal end of the axon. I think the answer could be axon hillock , bc that is where the trigger zone is before the AP enters the axon. 27. Do you have just completed your training as an assistant at the county morgue you have been assigned to make sections of all brands of patients who died of unexpected causes the morgue Director asks you to focus on preparing microscope slides of gray matter since I am looking for a stroke us attack this virus which seems to enter the nucleus of cells an integrate into the DNA where it transcribes clotting proteins leading to an ischemic stroke what is an ischemic stroke? - two of the answers are correct - We know that Ischemia is the lack of adequate blood flow, reduces oxygen.( occurs during myocardial infarction) (heart attack) 28. You are working in a lab studying skeletal muscles by putting them into a state of rigor by removing the ATP. WHICH of the following images below depicts the skeletal muscles on which you are working - B and D

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