Good Therapy Review

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Utah State University *

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4200

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by emmasheid

1. Describe the developmental/normative strategy. This strategy tends to be the most effective for articulation and language intervention with children. Explain why this is the case. (2 points) The developmental/normative strategy is when sounds and goals are chosen by the clinician according to the developmental norms. When looking at sounds that develop first, a clinician will want to focus on the first developing sounds and then progress further. This strategy allows the child to get up to speed. 2. Describe the client-specific strategy including the relevant factors in the selection of treatment objectives. Make sure to address how stimulability is a consideration. (2 points) The client-specific strategy doesn’t focus on developmental norms, rather it focuses on what the client needs. When choosing the target sounds, we need to focus on how important that sound is to the client, how important that sound is to their daily life, and how stimulable the client is to the behavior. The third is important because it addresses if the client is able to correct their behavior once the clinician corrects them first. 3. Write a brief summary (2-3 sentences) of each of the theories of learning listed below (3 points) Innateness Theory/Biological Model: This model believes that every person is born with some knowledge of language. When a child enters the world, they already have an idea of language and are wired to learn it. Behavioral Model: This model thinks that people learn behaviors through positive and negative reinforcements. People are learning their interactions with the world and creating their behaviors through conditioning. Constructivism/Interactionist/Integrative Model: This model is a blend between the two previous models. We are born with a certain amount of language and behaviors but most of our knowledge comes from our interactions with the world. 4. Provide a brief description including a specific example of each type of reinforcement listed below. (4 points) Positive reinforcement/primary: Giving a child a reward when they do something that the clinician wanted them to do. So rewarding a child by giving them a sticker after they read for 5 minutes would be an example. Positive reinforcement/secondary-social: This is taking giving a small reward that can result in a larger reward later. For example, for every five minutes of reading, a child will receive a sticker. Once they have 6 stickers, they are able to trade them in for a larger prize.

Positive reinforcement/secondary-token: This is when you give feedback in the way the client did during their therapy session. For example, they met all of their goals for the session and received a 90% on their assessment. Positive reinforcement/secondary-performance feedback: This is when the clinician provides constructive feedback and guidance to help the clients improve their performance. 5. Explain the difference between continuous and intermittent reinforcement. Give scenarios when it would be appropriate to use each of these. (2 point) Whenever the targeted desired behavior is performed, there is reward given every time, this is continuous reinforcement. When the targeted desired behavior is performed and the clinician only rewards it sometimes, this is intermittent. Continuous reinforcement is ideal when a client is trying to establish a new behavior. If you are working on the initial /s/ sound for the first time, this would be ideal. When simply trying to maintain a behavior, the clinician would begin to use intermittent reinforcement. 6. After reading the information provided in the chapter about the dynamics of therapy/clinician client relationship, describe a few ways (pick from several listed) a clinician could build rapport or enhance their professionalism? (2 points) A clinician can work to build rapport by working on active listening. We can take the time to reflect back on their concerns and understand them. Clear communication is also a way to build it. Using simple language, explain medical concepts, and answering any questions that the client or the client’s family may have. We also want to ensure our understanding by continuously educating ourselves and staying updated on research.

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