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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Question 1: Analyze the behaviour of the interviewee using the following concepts we discussed in class in week 2: Attribution Theory and Self Efficacy. Attribution theory: One of the most important social scientists of the twentieth century, Fritz Heider (1958), originally developed the Attribution theory. Attribution theory explores how individuals interpret events and how it influences their thinking and behavior. This is the tendency to underestimate external factors and overestimate internal factors when making judgments about other’s behaviors. In the video, the interviewee, Chris Gardner, attributes his dresses to be not formal in the interview because of external factors beyond their control, due as the failure to pay parking tickets and having to run to the interview from the police station. It suggests a tendency to attribute events to external factors. The interviewee is prone to depression and may have an attributional style with internal, stable, uncontrollable, and global. Self-Efficacy: Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to perform a task or achieve a goal. It plays a role in determining motivation and behavior. Chris also expresses high self-efficacy, he believes in his ability to succeed, if he receives a question and he does not know the answer, he will tell the interviewers that he does know but he knows how to find the answer to the question. He is also more likely to set challenging goals, persist in the face of obstacles, and put in the effort to achieve their objectives by always following the deadline and the interview result despite this being a non-salary job. In summary, understanding an interviewee's past experience attribution and self-efficacy levels can provide useful insights into their behavior and future performance. Individuals who attribute success to internal factors and possess high self-efficacy tend to be more proactive and persistent with motivation and task engagement. References Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Wiley. Question 2: Analyze the behaviour of the interviewer using the following concepts we discussed in class in week 2: Bias, Perception & Perceptional errors. Bias: Interviewer bias occurs when an interviewer's expectations or opinions influence their assessment of the interviewee. Our preconceived notions can have a significant impact on our judgment, both consciously and unconsciously, potentially affecting it in a positive or negative way. Bias during interviews refers to the unconscious distortion of information that can affect decision- making. Confirmation Bias occurs when personal beliefs influence conclusions. During interviews, interviewers selectively focus on supporting points and disregard counteracting facts. In the video, during a candidate's resume review, interviewers tend to ask questions that only pertain to the candidate's degree and classes, leaving out other relevant strengths and weaknesses and providing a biased view. Perception: Individuals interpret and make sense of sensory information through perception. In an interview, an interviewer's perception can significantly influence their evaluation of a candidate. Selective Perception might be found in the video, where interviewers focus on specific aspects of a candidate's responses while ignoring others, in which they asked more questions about the dresses of the candidate rather than the experience, achievement, contribution, or skillset. This can lead to an incomplete or distorted understanding of the candidate's qualifications Perceptual Errors: During interviews, cognitive biases called perceptual errors can lead to inaccurate judgments. Halo Effect occurs when the interviewer's overall positive or negative impression of the candidate influences their perception of specific qualities or behaviors. The interviewer is biased against the candidate due to their appearance, leading to unfriendly behavior and a lack of openness to the

candidate's responses. In addition, in the video, the interviewer asks his colleague that did he has met the candidate many times before in dresses like those in the interview. This reflects the projection bias that attributes his own characteristics to the candidate. An interviewer's behavior is subject to a variety of influences, including biases, perceptions, and errors. It is important to recognize and address these potential sources of bias, as they can have a significant impact on the outcome of an interview. By striving to remain objective and aware of these influences, interviewers can ensure that they are making fair and informed decisions.

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