EAB 3794 FINAL

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Ball State University *

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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1. Which of the following is NOT a secondary effect of extinction? - Avoiding the punisher 2. How does one conduct a task analyses of a skill? - Make a sequential list of all the component steps of the skill. 3. Which statement describes extinction from the perspective of a behavior change tactic? - provides zero probability of reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior. 4. Christoph is teaching Sandie to make boxed macaroni and cheese. Christoph helps Sandie perform all steps of the task, except the last one: serve the macaroni and cheese on a plate. Christoph prompts this last step until Sandie can do it independently. Once Sandie has mastered serving the macaroni and cheese on a plate, Christoph helps Sandie preform all steps of the task, except stirring and serving the macaroni and cheese (the last two steps). Christoph is teaching Sandie via - Backward chaining 5. Which of the following are common misuses of the term extinction? (mark all that apply) - referring to any decrease in behavior - confusing forgetting and extinction - confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction 6. Sunil is teaching Matthew to do his laundry. Sunil has written a 36-step task analysis of the skill. He conducted an initial assessment to identify which steps Matthew could already do and discovered that Matthew is only able to independently open and close the lid of the washing machine. Based on this information, which statement is accurate? - All of the above

7. When thirsty, a toddler screamed until a sibling finally brought the toddler a drink. Which form of an extinction procedure would be the most appropriate to use in this circumstance? Extinction of behavior maintained by - Positive reinforcement 8. An adult with intellectual and developmental disabilities gets up frequently during the night to talk and check on awake overnight staff in the group home. When an extinction procedure is implemented and staff no longer talk with the individual during the night, the individual gets up even more frequently for the first three nights. This secondary effect of extinction is referred to as a/an - Extinction burst 9. An advantage of forward chaining is - it is easier to link smaller behavior chains together, forming the larger behavior chain necessary to perform a new skill. 10. What does the BCIS rely on? - participant's skills 11. An adult client with a traumatic brain injury held and rubbed the hands of other people while talking with them. Since this was causing social problems, an extinction program was implemented where others would not speak or make eye contact while the client held or rubbed their hands. In the initial stages of the intervention, the client began to forcefully hold and rub the hands of others and grab people by the face to try to get them to make eye contact. These behaviors represent which secondary effect(s) of extinction? - increased response magnitude, extinction-induced variability

12. Who used peer models and total-task chaining to teach skills such as operating an audiotape, sharpening a pencil, and using a calculator to three elementary-level students with disabilities who were enrolled in general education classrooms? - Werts, Caldwell, and Wolery 13. During an aerobics class, the instructor introduces the class to a new routine. He has everyone perform one step of the routine multiple times and asks, "Has everyone got it?" The students yell, "Yeah!" The instructor responds, "Adding on!" and shows the class another step. Once they have learned that step, the instructor has the class perform the first step, followed by the second step, and "adds on" again. The instructor repeats this process until the class is performing a long, complex routine at the end of the hour. The instructor's procedure exemplifies - forward chaining. 14. A child spent most of the classroom free time sitting on the floor rocking while waving a toy fan at eye level making the light coming from the window appear to "flicker". Which form of an extinction procedure would be the most appropriate to use in this circumstance? Extinction of behavior maintained by - automatic reinforcement 15. An extinction burst is the reoccurrence of a previously reinforced behavior when reinforcement for an alternative behavior is terminated. - False 16. An advantage of backward chaining is the learner - performs the final behavior that contacts the terminal reinforcer during every instructional trial.

17. Which represents total-task chaining? - The trainer gives the learner an opportunity to complete the first step of the task (getting two slices of bread). If the learner performs the first step correctly, they move on to the next step. If the learner errors, the instructor prompts the response at the necessary level and moves on to the next step. This continues until the learner performs all steps in the chain. 18. An advantage of total-task chaining is: - the learner gets equal practice with every step of the behavior chain during every instructional trial. 19. When a student was given a work sheet in class, the child whined and crawled under the desk. The student remained under the desk until the teacher removed the work sheet and provided no other work. Which form of an extinction procedure would be the most appropriate to use in this circumstance? Extinction of behavior maintained by - Negative reinforcement 20. Which behavior is likely to have the greatest resistance to extinction? - Tantrums had allowed the child to obtain candy from grandparents periodically for the past year or so. 21. A swim coach gradually increases the amount of time swimmers must hold their breath under water before signaling them to come up. This is an example of - shaping within response topography 22. During initial training trials, how many models do practitioners use? - One 23. If progress breaks down while conducting imitation training, the practitioner should

- back up and move ahead slowly. 24. What can be shaped along any of its measurable and malleable dimensions? - Behavior 25. When learners do what the model does regardless of the behavior modeled without direct training, ____________ has been demonstrated. - Generalized imitation 26. A teacher was sitting with a student while they were eating their snack. The teacher rubbed their nose and sniffed. Within one second the student rubbed their nose and sniffed in the same way. Since the student's nose rubbing and sniffing was physically the same as the teacher's, they shared - formal similarity 27. In the simulation, The Shaping Game, by Shimoff and Catania, how many levels of difficulty are there? - Four 28. An antecedent stimulus that evokes the imitative behavior is - A model 29. Gretchen has been trying to teach Glen, a preschooler, to pull up his pants by himself via shaping. She began by delivering reinforcement for bending over and touching his waistband. Glen is now doing that consistently. Next, Gretchen targeted Glen pulling his pants up a little bit. However, Glen continues to simply touch his pants instead of pulling them up a bit. - Gretchen should add a prompt to pull up the pants to help make the shaping process more efficient.

30. Which is an example of shaping? Teaching someone to sign, "please" by - first reinforcing lifting the hand, then reinforcing lifting the hand to the chest, then reinforcing lifting the hand to the chest and moving it slightly, and finally - lifting the hand to the chest and moving it in a circular motion. 31. A handheld device that produces a clicking sound when a metal tab is pressed is called? - Clicker 32. What occurs when the model’s and the imitator’s behavior physically resemble each other and are in the same mode? - formal similarity 33. When nonreinforcement of a response class results in the learner engaging in a topographically different response we call this - extinction-induced variability 34. Teaching learners to do what the model does regardless of the behavior modeled is the major objective of what? - imitation training 35. Throughout the shaping process, the instructor provides reinforcement when the learner emits a response that is slightly different from others within the response class and places other response topographies on extinction until the learner emits another slightly different response. These slightly different responses exemplify - response differentiation. 36. What is a second-generation table-top shaping game, originally developed by canine trainer Kay Laurence and now extrapolated to human participants by Jose Rosales-Ruiz and his graduate students at the University of North Texas called?

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