Chapter 7 Physical & Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

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Indian River State College *

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DEP2004

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by DoctorLemurMaster359

Students need to read through areas of the ebook to summarize parts of the reading. Items deemed necessary are boldfaced lettering, key concepts, statistics (if available), processes, and research findings. Be prepared to discuss any of the figures or charts for these sections. Noncompliance is a zero for the activity. Absent students must complete all items on the worksheets in this folder before uploading for a grade. Grades are affected if you are not in class to present. Section 4: Chapter 7 - Physical & Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Part 1 – Physical Changes The Brain P1: Explain the brain growth and size from age 3 to 6. Interior changes occur in the brain. Please explain what is increasing and why it's essential to the nervous system. P2: What does this passage say about hand-eye coordination and cognitive abilities for 3- and 4-year- olds? P3: Explain what anatomical changes occur between ages 3 and 15. Why is the brain reorganizing itself? Which area of the brain has the most rapid growth and why? P4: What contextual factors have scientists linked to brain development? Explain what children from poor homes might experience at age 4. What are the harmful effects of these maturational lags? How does maternal sensitivity in early childhood contribute to brain development? What cortical concerns manifest at age eight because of maltreatment risk and home adversity? What skills are associated with cortical thickening in the frontal lobe? Gross Motor Skills Gross motor skills refer to the large movements of muscles to control actions such as crawling, walking, jumping, and running. What individual differences might we observe between ages 3, 4, and 5-year- olds? How can early childhood educators support young children's motor development with examples? Fine Motor Skills Fine motor skills are the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and wrists. A good example is using a fork to eat or writing in a journal with a pencil. Explain what we might expect when observing a three or four-year-old playing with high-block towers or a jigsaw puzzle. The Symbolic Function Substage Based on these terms, define symbolic function substage, egocentrism, and the significance of Figure 3. Define and explain animism.

Summaries vary in aspects of the reading. Items deemed important are boldfaced lettering, key concepts, statistics (if available), processes, and research findings. Be prepared to discuss any of the figures or charts for these sections. You will upload the document for a grade. Section 4: Chapter 7 Sleep Does sleep contribute to children's development? What does the WHO say is the right amount of sleep for a three or four-year-old? What are the reasons for shorter sleep duration? What behaviors appear to be associated with preschool children's longer sleep duration? Define narcolepsy, insomnia, and nightmares. What percentage of children experience sleeping problems? What are negative developmental outcomes associated with sleep problems (bullet points)? What are some of the recommendations from Mona El-Sheikh about sleep quality? Nutrition & Exercise Explain the findings of a national study about 45 percent of children's meals. What percentage of children's calorie intake comes from restaurants, and why is this important compared to the 1980s? What is significant about exceeding 430 calories? What type of vegetables was most likely to be consumed? Why do you think that is bad for their health? What happens to children's eating behavior when caregivers eat with them? What activities should caregivers minimize so that children can focus on eating? Why is a sensitive/responsive caregiver more important to a child's nutrition than a forceful and restrictive caregiver? Overweight and obese children are a problem, especially since it leads to early onset type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. What are the 5-2-1-0 obesity guidelines for young children? Why should we not provide food as "proof of love" as a reward for good behavior? What should snacks be low in when considering what type to feed children? According to the Chinese study, what risk manifested at ages 4 and 5 about children watching TV for long periods? What recommendation did the WHO suggest for ages 3 and 4? The Symbolic Function Substage Based on these terms, define symbolic function substage, egocentrism, and the significance of Figure 3. Define and explain animism.

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