Psychological Treatments

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Northern Virginia Community College *

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by babradshaw04

Psychological Treatments Psychotherapy is defined in our textbook as “an interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem” (Gilbert et al., 2021). There are many approaches that can be taken when looking into psychotherapy. These approaches are psychoanalysis, person-centered therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, group treatments, and biological treatments. The treatment I believe to be most effective is behavioral therapy because it uses a person's learned behaviors and environment to promote and reduce behaviors. Psychoanalysis “assumes that people are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood development through the use of defense mechanisms” (Gilbert et al., 2021). Psychoanalysis has a goal from a process from Freud called developing insight (Gilbert et al., 2021). The client will lay on a couch while the therapist allows them to speak their mind, but the therapist does not express their opinions. Free association is a psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist will state a word and their patient is to respond with the first thing that comes to mind. Person-centered therapy, or PCC, allows for the patient to tell the therapist about their feelings. PCC uses the idea that all people want to grow and can grow through acceptance and help from the therapist (Gilbert et al., 2021). This form of therapy assumes that the patient can figure out what they want out of therapy, and the therapist doesn’t advise them. The technique used in this therapy is mirroring the client's thoughts to give them support (Gilbert et al., 2021). Behavioral therapy believes that “disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt, maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors”

(Gilbert et al., 2021). This therapy uses respondent and operant behavior procedures. There are many behavioral therapy techniques for different disorders. The most effective out of these techniques, in my opinion, is exposure therapy. Exposure therapy requires the patient to confront their issue directly, many times. This allows for them to get used to the response that comes with that stimulus, leading to a better response to it (Gilbert et al., 2021). Cognitive therapy uses a patient's thoughts and emotions. Our textbook defines cognitive therapy as “helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world” (Gilbert et al., 2021). Cognitive theorists focus on the client's interpretation of a given event. One technique used in this therapy is called cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring has patients question things such as assumptions that normally cause them negative reactions and learn to instead think more realistic and positively (Gilbert et al., 2021). Group treatments (or group therapy) involves multiple patients who usually don’t know each other outside of this, and they talk about their issues with everyone in the group (Gilbert et al., 2021). Using group therapy gives its members more perspective and coping strategies. A therapist in this scenario works to help the group as a whole, encouraging interactions. It is most of the time as effective as individual therapy is, but is much more efficient (Gilbert et al., 2021). Biological treatment involves interference with a person’s biological system that causes the problem. There are many of such treatments, such as medications, psychosurgery, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is a shock therapy inducing a seizure by shocking the patient's brain (Gilbert et al., 2021). The use of medications is much more common than shock, being used for more severe cases.

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