Psych of Aging Discussion 2

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University of Iowa *

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3150

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by MagistrateProtonPuppy33

1. 3pts Name three factors associated with reduced risk of age- related decline in intellectual abilities. (3-4 sentences) - Mental stimulation, physical health & exercise, social engagement are factors that can reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Engaging in continuous learning and mentally stimulating activities throughout your life can help keep your brain active and resilient. A healthy lifestyle that includes regular physical exercise has been linked to better cognitive function in older adults. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain which supports brain health. Lastly, maintaining social connections and emotional well-being can have a significant impact on cognitive health. 2. 3pts Researchers have studied the relationship between older adults' psychometric test scores and their ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). In general, what have they found? (2-3 sentences) - Tests of IADL often correlate with psychometric measures. There is often a positive correlation between higher psychometric test scores, especially those related to cognitive functions like memory, attention, and executive functioning, and better performance in IADLs. Older adults with better cognitive abilities tend to have fewer difficulties in managing these complex tasks. 3. 3pts If you were to advise young adults on what they can do to ensure their memory will be maintained as well as possible in older adulthood, what would you tell them? (3-4 sentences) - If I were to advise a young adult, I would advise and tell them to partake in regular physical activity since it has been linked to better cognitive function and memory. Eating a balanced diet is as important as doing regular exercise too, making sure they get an enough quality sleep and staying mentally active is also something I would advise. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, staying mentally and socially engaged, and taking steps to protect your brain, they can increase the likelihood of maintaining good memory and cognitive abilities as you grow older. 4. 5pts In research on decision-making in a consumer context, individuals are asked to choose what to purchase using compensatory or non-compensatory decision rules. Define each of these and explain which kind of rules young and older adults are more likely to use. Are older adults any different from young adults

in how many choices they want to have when deciding? (4-5 sentences) - Compensatory decision rules involve a trade-off between different attributes or criteria. Non-compensatory decision rules do not allow trade- offs between attributes. Young adults are generally more likely to use compensatory decision rules. They tend to be more flexible in their decision- making and are willing to make trade-offs between attributes to find the best overall option. Older adults are more likely to use non-compensatory decision rules. Research suggests that as people age, they may become more risk-averse and selective in their decision-making. Young adults tend to be more comfortable with a larger number of choices, older adults may prefer a more limited set of choices. 5. 3pts In medical decision-making situations, patients diagnosed with a disease that can be treated in more than one way must often decide which treatment to select. What is the difference between a bottom-up processing strategy and a top-down processing strategy that the patient can use to make the decision? Which strategy is used more frequently by older adults? (3-4 sentences) - Bottom-up processing, involves gathering and processing information from the available data or evidence. In the context of medical decision-making, this means that patients focus on the specific details, facts, and attributes of each treatment option. Top-down processing, also known as concept-driven processing, involves making decisions based on pre-existing beliefs or values. Patients will mostly rely on their general principles, personal values, or the advice of trusted individuals. Older adults tend to use bottom-up processing more frequently when faced with medical decisions. They often approach decision-making with a careful and analytical mindset. 6. 3pts Define fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc) and describe how they differ. (about 3 sentences) - Fluid intelligence refers to a person's innate, inherent ability to think, reason, problem-solve. Also known as “Raw” intelligence. Crystallized intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills that individuals acquire over their lifetime through learning, education, and experiences. (Gf) and (Gc) differs in its nature of abilities and how it develops. Gf tends to peak in early adulthood and gradually declines with age, whereas Gc continues to grow and develop throughout someone’s life.

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