memory(2)

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1a. Define the process of encoding using a definition from your textbook (2 pt). Encoding is “the process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 159). 1b. Explain why you need the encoding process to remember class material (2 pt). We need encoding to remember class material as it helps us relate it to something, allowing us to store and retrieve information in our long-term memory 1c. Select one of the encoding strategies listed below (and explained in your textbook) that you would like to use to improve your memory. Define this strategy and specifically explain how you would use this strategy in your classes/study time for better memory. (2 pt) Encoding strategies semantic encoding visual imagery encoding organizational encoding Of the listed encoding strategies, I would like to use organizational encoding to improve my memory. Organizational encoding is “the process of categorizing information according to the relationships among a series of items” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 162). Generally when I take notes, I have them sorted from chapter to chapter, but my notes are only the term and the definition. Something I can do in order to use organizational encoding more effectively is to group the terms on things that are similar to each other, which would make recalling the terms easier based on their category. 2a. Define the process of storage using the definition from your textbook (2 pt) and describe the types of memory stores (2 pt). Storage is when we maintain “information in memory over time” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 163). There are a multitude of different types of memory storage, and they all work differently in order to help us remember information. Sensory memory “holds sensory information for a few seconds or less” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 163). Iconic memory and echoic memory are both stores of information that decay quickly, however iconic is for the visual information, whereas echoic is for the auditory information (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 164). Short-term memory works within the timeframe of a few seconds and a minute, and it “holds nonsensory information” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 164). Conversely, our long-term memory “holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 166). Our working memory is when we actively maintain information in short-term storage (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 165). Explicit memory works when “people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 173). On the other hand, implicit memory is when those past experiences influence how we act later on, even if we aren’t actively trying to remember these experiences (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 173). Learning how to do things over time with practice is procedural memory (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 174). Semantic memory refers to the “facts and concepts” that create what we know about the world (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 175). The final memory type is episodic

memory , which is made up of our past “experiences that occurred at a particular time and place” (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 175). 2b. Explain why you need the storage process to remember class material. (2 pt) Storage is necessary for remembering class material, as without it, we would immediately forget all of it. We need to be able to utilize retrieval, consolidation, and memory cues in order to reach a proper and complete understanding of concepts, which we can apply later on through our memory and storage processes. 2c. Select one of the storage strategies listed below (and explained in your textbook) that you would like to use to improve your memory. Define this strategy and specifically explain how you would use this strategy in your classes/study time for better memory. (2 pt) Storage strategies rehearsal chunking Chunking is the process of combining smaller bits of information into larger chunks that can be stored into the short-term memory better (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 165). I would like to attempt to use chunking by using it alongside organizational encoding. Breaking the concepts down into smaller parts, based on similar pieces, or chunks, then associating them with a larger category, would likely allow me to remember these terms better. 3a. Define the process of retrieval using the definition provided in your textbook. (2 pt) Retrieval is when you grab encoded information from your storage and bring it to the forefront of your mind (Schacter et al., 2021, p. 159). 3b. Explain why you need the retrieval process to remember class material. (2 pt) If we were to only encode and store the class material, we would never be able to recall the information in order to apply it. The learned information would just sit in our minds, however, without the retrieval process, we would never be able to actually use the information. 3c. Select one of the retrieval strategies listed below (and explained in your textbook) that you would like to use to improve your memory. Define this strategy and specifically explain how you would use this strategy in your classes/study time for better memory. (2 pt) Retrieval strategies encoding specificity principle state dependent retrieval sleep (p. 173) Of these three, I think I would like to use sleep in order to improve my memory. As it is, I currently do not get enough sleep. Sleep is crucial for us in studying, as it helps enhance the

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