week 2 discussion final

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Cognitive Development refers to the development of thinking and reasoning abilities in children. Cognitive development occurs over time and is affected by the environmental influences and biological maturation. It encompasses a wide range of skills, including thinking, problem-solving, memory, attention, language, and learning, which help children to think about and understand the world around them. Cognitive development is essential for children’s ability to learn, think critically, and solve problems. Piagetian and non-Piagetian viewed cognitive development differently. The Theory of Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget suggest that children’s intelligence undergoes changes as they grow. He believed that development in children is not only related to acquiring knowledge, but that children need to develop a mental model of their surrounding world. Non-Piagetian theorist believe in constructivism. As children experience the world and reflect on experiences, they build upon the new information into their pre-existing knowledge. Working memory is the processes that we use to make sense of, modify, interpret and store information while performing complex tasks. It incorporates the ability to draw on past learning or experiences to apply to the situation. According to Piaget, a key milestone in the development of working memory was the realization of object permanence. In the video, they give an example of the mom hiding a teddy bear and the child believes it is gone (2018). After mastering object permanence, the child understands that the teddy bear still exists, we just cannot see it (2018). Non-Piagetian propose that working memory capacity I affected by biological maturation, and therefore restricts young children’s ability to acquire complex thinking and reasoning skills. Processing speed describes the fluency with which the brain receives, understands, and responds to information. Piaget believed that cognitive development did not progress at a steady rate, but rather leaps and bounds (Saul Mcleod, 2023). A non-Piagetian, Robbie Case, believed that processing capacity development recycles over a succession of four main stages and that each of them is characterized by a different king of mental structures (n.d., 2019). Attention is the ability to choose and concentrate on relevant stimuli. We use this to focus the senses, from sight to hearing and even smell. Piaget saw attention as an on-going process of engagement and disengagement (2013). An example of this from the video shows two glasses with the same amount of liquid, but one is skinny and tall and the other is shorter and wider, but the child focuses on the skinny tall glass (2018). To the child they focus their attention on the most salient feature to them, not necessary the correct choice (2018). Non-Piagetian’s believe that a shift of focus (or co-occurrence) “involves a gradual change through the possibility of displacing the focus of attention from one set to another” (Morra, 2013). Strategies in cognitive development is how one learns. This can include new language, repetition summarizing or using imagination. Piaget believed children learned with pretend play, fantasies and hands on activities. He believed children were active and curious and learned best with activities that encouraged children to interact directly with their physical world. Non-Piagetian theorist, such as Vygotsky’s believed children learned best by their social interactions. He believed that learning was a crucially social process as opposed to an independent journey of discovery. An example of this is Zone of proximal development and scaffolding.

A review on the neo-piagetian theory of cognitive development - dergipark. (n.d.). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/730860 Cowan, N. (2016, March). Working memory maturation: Can we get at the essence of cognitive growth? . Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800832/ Morra, S. (2013). Cognitive development: Neo-piagetian Perspectives . Psychology Press. Piaget and attention . psychddouglas. (2013, January 27). https://psychddouglas.wordpress.com/2013/01/25/piaget-and-attention/ Saul Mcleod, P. (2023, July 27). Jean Piaget and his theory & stages of cognitive development . Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html#:~:text=However%2C %20an%20unpleasant%20state%20of,rather%20in%20leaps%20and%20bounds YouTube. (2018, August 1). Piaget’s theory of cognitive development . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhcgYgx7aAA YouTube. (2020, February 28). Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development in social relationships . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8I2hrSRbmHE

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