Elimination Diets

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Capella University *

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7710

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Controversial Treatments: Elimination Diets Treasure M. Jefferson Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Capella University PSY 7710: Ethics for Behavior Analysts Dr. Meredith Mates July 30th, 2023

2 Gluten- Free Casein- Free Diets Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental impairment characterized by speech delays, restricted or repetitive behavior and interests, difficulty in social interactions and social communications, and other symptoms that differ from person to person (CDC, 2022). Because the expense of healthcare for people with autism is double that of their neurotypical counterparts, families and individuals explore alternative methods to help their cause (Marin et al., 2022). While the specific cause of symptoms is uncertain, several ideas have been proposed to explain ASD. For example, gluten-free casein-free diets (GFCF) eliminate foods containing gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley products) and casein (a protein found in dairy products) because research in the 1980s suggested they contributed to brain-altering functions (Baspinar & Yardimci, 2020). Those who campaigned for this stated that children with autism have "leaky guts" that enable opioids to escape into the bloodstream, travel to the brain, and induce autistic symptoms (Beware of Non-Evidence Based Treatments, 2023). Pros and Cons of GFCF Diets Pros of Gluten- free Casein- free Diets While there is no scientific evidence that this alternative is effective, studies have shown that if individuals had underlying food sensitivities and allergies, removing gluten and casein from their diets did reduce their gastrointestinal issues (Pennesi & Klein, 2012; Mar-Bauset et al., 2014; Elder et al., 2015; Hyman et al., 2016; & Ly et al., 2017). In one study, parents who eliminated all GF and/or CF foods reported that their children's ASD behaviors, physiological symptoms, and social behaviors improved more than children whose parents did not eliminate all GF and/or CF foods (Pennesi & Klein, 2012). While these studies suggest that removing gluten

3 and casein from the diet can benefit people with ASD, we must also consider the longevity we eliminate from these individuals' diets. Cons of Gluten- Free Casein- Free Diets There is a correlation between individuals with autism being picky with food consumption which can create other underlying health concerns (Garey, 2023). While the studies in the pro section show that if individuals already have gastrointestinal issues and food sensitives, restricted GFCF foods are beneficial, other studies show that if individuals do not experience these symptoms, they can trigger them. In one study, the systematic review reported that incorporating a GFCF diet may cause some increased incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects; based on their reports, they surveyed parents who performed the diet in hopes of reducing or even eliminating autistic symptoms (Keller et al., 2021). Evaluation of Ethics Our clients and their caregivers are entitled to choose any intervention they want. However, as behavior analysts, we are aware of the restrictions that we have when it comes to giving reliable resources to our clients. Code 1.05 in the ethics books talks about practicing within our scope of competence, and with the GFCF diet, this is more of a nutritional problem, so I recommend that they seek medical advice for that. However, I could not dive into practices that might benefit my client because i'm not a medical practitioner (BACB, 2020). I can incorporate code 2.10, which I can collaborate with these medical practitioners to create an effective treatment plan that also falls along the scope of behavioral analytics and shows significance for my client's service (codes 2.14- 2.16). Effective Evaluation

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