SWK 5014- u08a3- K

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Social Work Theories & Interventions Social Work Theories & Interventions Kimberly R. Murray SWK5014: Advanced Generalist Social Work Practice u08a3: Theory & Evidence-Based Interventions Capella University

2 Social Work Theories & Interventions Individual Sessions Cognitive-Behavioral Theory “Social work often involves attempts to change behavior that is proving problematic in some way to the individual concerned or to others... Much can therefore be gained from a fuller and broader understanding of behavioral change... Behavior is based on beliefs (cognitions) that shape our responses to situations... To change behavior is likely to involve changing the relevant thoughts and feelings and managing physical reactions as well,” (Thompson & Stepney, 2017, p. 79). When working with individuals, it’s important to address problematic behavior, such as the presenting problems that led to the initiation of services, whether it was on their own or out of their control (such as through a court order). Oftentimes, individuals may not recognize their behaviors as being problematic, and through therapy, those can be explored and behaviors can be changed. Our text explains that when using CBT, we must acknowledge the significant of external events that have provoked certain feelings in our clients; examine interpersonal relationships and beliefs that were shaped by earlier childhood experiences; and understand how underlying schemata may reinforce the problems. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Narrative Therapy One intervention to utilize in individual sessions with clients is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. “ CBT recognizes that there is a conscious thought between an external event and a particular emotional response... It draws upon basic elements of operant conditioning, as in working with children where, for example, a child screams and gets a candy to shut her/him up – this behavior is now more likely because it has been reinforced by the reward,” (Thompson & Stepney, 2017, p. 79). When working with clients it’s important to address the external events

3 Social Work Theories & Interventions and their responses to those events. This will help shed light on current behaviors and decision- making. One approach to exploring this is through narrative therapy. “Narrative approaches recognize that personal narrative has not emerged in isolation, but comes about as a result of our experiences within our families, various groups and culture, across our own lifespan and is indeed often intergenerational... Therefore, narrative approaches emphasize that we always live in the context of broader social and cultural stories... Our stories are shared with and shaped by others, and in turn, our stories shape the broader social and cultural contexts in which we live,” (Thompson & Stepney, 2017, p. 118). Using narrative therapy allows the client the opportunity to tell his or her story. This is a good way to ensure the client feels heard, especially when using techniques through narrative therapy such as open-ended questions, clarifying questions, and paraphrasing what the client said so they know they have been heard and understood. Family Sessions Bowen Family Systems Theory The theory I would apply to family sessions would be the Bowen Family Systems Theory. “Bowen family systems theory (BFST) identifies differentiation of self as a crucial characteristic that relates to one’s individual and relational maturity… Bowen theorizes that an individual’s level of differentiation typically remains static over time and that individuals select and pair in relationships with others who have similar levels of differentiation,” (Handley, et al., 2019, p. 592). Sometimes having relationships with other who share similar characteristics can cause issues in a family. Bowen believed that there are patterns among families that continue across generations. Furthermore, these patterns could involve problematic behaviors that can be passed between generations and present conflicts within family units. Bowen also believes that

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