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Assignment 17: Pre-Class Summary on Readings on Schizophrenia Perla H. Reaidy Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin EDP 383C: Developmental Psychopathology Dr. J. Mark Eddy October 30, 2023

Disorder/Topic Schizophrenia, as defined by the DSM-V, is a severe mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired emotional responses. These symptoms often lead to significant disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior, impacting a person's ability to function in daily life. Schizophrenia typically emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood and requires ongoing treatment and support. Takeaways Assessment Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by disruptions in cognition, perception, affect, and sociality, and typically presents in late adolescence or early adulthood, affecting around 21 million people worldwide, leading to substantial long-term morbidity, mortality, and increased risk of suicide, substance abuse, and other health problems. Early-onset schizophrenia, diagnosed using the same criteria as in adults, requires at least two of five core symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms, with these symptoms persisting for at least 1 month and impacting daily functioning. When assessing psychotic symptoms in youth, standardized rating scales like the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale are valuable tools for evaluating the severity of key symptoms. These scales, including SAPS and SANS, help clinicians measure positive and negative symptoms, and general psychopathology in patients with early-onset schizophrenia, providing an objective assessment to guide diagnosis and treatment planning. Assessing psychotic symptoms in individuals with ASD presents challenges due to

symptom overlaps between ASD and schizophrenia, such as social and emotional reciprocity, restricted interests, and perseverative idiosyncratic beliefs seen in ASD can resemble symptoms of social withdrawal and disordered thinking in schizophrenia, making it crucial to differentiate between them. Furthermore, the goal of education and treatment should involve patient and family preferences, addressing comorbid conditions, cultural considerations, and long-term monitoring for symptoms, functioning, and medication adherence to ensure better outcomes for individuals with early-onset schizophrenia. Treatment Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by disruptions in cognition, perception, affect, and social relatedness. Schizophrenia has substantial public health and societal costs due to its long-term morbidity and increased risk of suicide and health problems, especially in those diagnosed at an early age. Antipsychotic medications are well-established for treating schizophrenia in both youth and adults, however, there isn't strong evidence supporting the superiority of one medication over another, and many patients discontinue their medication due to various factors like lack of efficacy or side effects. Psychosocial treatments and adjunctive medications are also part of the comprehensive approach to managing schizophrenia in both youth and adults. The treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia involves a combination of antipsychotic medication, psychotherapeutic interventions, and supportive strategies. The choice of which antipsychotic medication to use is influenced by various factors, including FDA approval, side- effect profiles, patient and family preferences, and clinician familiarity. Additionally, regular monitoring of medication effects and potential side effects is essential for managing EOS effectively.

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