Lifespan development Discussion 6

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Dec 6, 2023

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Research has supported that self-esteem systematically changes across the lifespan and on average, increases during adolescence and continues into adulthood, peaking at about 50-60 years old (Orth, 2017). Long term studies have shown that differences in self-esteem remain relatively stable across decades and developmental stages which may indicate that self-esteem has a correlation with personality traits (Orth, 2017). Research also suggests that a person’s self-esteem will indicate consequences concerning the person’s well-being and overall success in aspects of life such as relationships, health, and work (Orth, 2017). These domains are likely strongly influenced by cultural standards since an individual’s self-esteem may be reflected in how well they meet those cultural standards. If a culture has particular standards, expectations or preferences that establish where an individual should be at a certain point in life and/or development, any deviation from that established standard may have a negative impact on that person’s self-esteem and mental outlook. Gender identity, sexual expression, social responsibilities, and development of belief systems are all likely to vary based on an individual’s culture (Coker et. al., 2023). Distinguishing characteristics such as how a person dresses, where they work, recreation and how they speak are all dynamics of culture that are especially important in the developmental age of an adolescent. Cultural influence also has an impact on family relationships such as between an adolescent and their parent, and the daily life schedule presenting in social settings, living space and customs that surround childcare, school, the structure of a household and how parents and other caregivers are involved with the development of their children (Coker et. al., 2023). The dynamic between a child and their parent has a strong impact on an adolescent’s self-esteem because the structure that is built within a family may or may not support a child’s confidence, resilience, optimism, and personal identity. Although cultural influences are an inevitable aspect of life in an adolescent’s exploration into the non-familial world, a family has its own set of rules and values that set boundaries and standards of behavior (Orth, 2017). These boundaries and standards will ultimately give a child a sense of consistency, safety, predictability and belonging that will form a basis of self-esteem as well as self-sufficiency as the adolescent grows into young adulthood. The family environment has the ability to be a strong source of support for the developing mind and self-esteem of adolescents, assuming the environment provides safe and secure relationships, strong

parenting skills, open communication, and modeling of positive and appropriate behaviors. References Coker, J. K., Cannon, K. B., Dixon-Saxon, S. V., & Roller, K. M. (2023). Lifespan Development: Cultural and Contextual Applications for the Helping Professions . Springer Publishing Company, LLC Orth, U. (2017). The lifespan development of self-esteem. Personality Development Across the Lifespan , 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0- 12-804674-6.00012-0

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