Ed Pysch PA

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Western Governors University *

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D094

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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A. The video I am watching for this section is “Applying Momentum While Learning and Practicing the Vertical Jump”. The Case number is 403. A1. The approximate age of the students in this video is 8-9 years old. The grade level is third. There are 22 students. A2. The students in this video are in the middle childhood physical development stage. A2a. Children from 6-10 years old are in the middle childhood physical development stage. During this stage, children improve their speed and coordination and may begin organized sports. A2b. At the beginning of this video, the P.E. teacher is instructing the children to run and stop at different speeds when directed to do so. Because they are at the end of the middle childhood physical development stage, they can follow these directions and control the speed and momentum of their bodies. However, since they are still developing these skills, you can see them struggling to stop movement when directed. A3. One learning theory that applies with the teacher’s approach in this video is Behaviorism. A3a. An instructional strategy that the teacher uses in this video is immediate feedback and correction. During the "Jump for the Stars” segment of the class, the teacher provides immediate feedback and correction to the students. She observes their jump and tells them right away which part of the jumping process needs correction. She is very specific in her direction. A3b. This aligns with Behaviorism which is teacher-directed and focuses on behavior modification using direct instruction and immediate feedback. B. The video I am watching for this section is “Assessing Sight-Singing Through Self-Assessments to Develop Independence”. The Case number is 40. B1. The approximate age of the students in this video is 13-15 years old. The grade level is 8th. There are 44 students. B2. The students in this video are in adolescence. B2a. The adolescence stage of development begins at age 10 and lasts until around age 18. The students in this video are in the middle of this range, meaning they are amid puberty and growth. Children in adolescence go through puberty, grow taller, develop secondary sex characteristics, and experience other physical changes. B2b. Viewers can assume these students are adolescents because of their height and physical characteristics. They show evidence of puberty (secondary sex characteristics, bodily and vocal changes from middle childhood). The children are taller than elementary-aged students would be. The boys, especially those singing bass, have experienced or are experiencing the voice change that comes with maturity. B3. One learning theory that applies with the teacher’s approach in this video is constructivism. B3a. An instructional strategy that the teacher uses in this video is scaffolding and the zone of proximal development. She does this by having the children build on a skill they have already practiced (sight- reading) and helping them advance this skill to sight-read in less time. She asks questions about the

music and helps them find the answer by using scaffolding. At 3:45 she asks “Why did you have an issue there? Why did you miss it?” When the children give their answer, she repeats it back to them and prompts them to answer differently. This is scaffolding. The children are learning in their zone of proximal development, which is not too challenging but is more advanced than they are already familiar with. B3b. This aligns with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. Scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development are tenets of Constructivism. C. The video I am watching for this section is “Participating in Structured Academic Debate about the Elgin Marbles”. The Case number is 1134. C1. The approximate age of the students in this video is 15-16 years old. The grade level is 10th. There are 34 students. C2. The students in this video are in the Formal Operational Stage of development according to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. C2a. The Formal Operational Stage of cognitive development applies to middle and high-school-aged- aged students. The 15-and-16-year-old children in this video are exhibiting the Formal Operational Stage traits such as higher order thinking and reasoning, mental manipulations, hypothesizing, predicting, critical thinking, and problem-solving. C2b. During their debates, the children are showing critical thinking by examining all the reasons why the British museum should or should not return the Elgin Marbles to Greece. Regardless of their stance, they can delve deeply into the topic and think critically about all angles of the issue. Critical thinking is a key characteristic of the Formal Operational Stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. C3. One learning theory that applies with the teacher’s approach in this video is Constructivism. C3a. An instructional strategy that the teacher uses in this video is collaborative learning. This is shown in the small-group settings that are student-led. The students are learning together through debate with occasional feedback from their teacher. However, the small groups are focused on exploring the topic at hand and active learning. They sit in groups of four and present their points about the Elgin Marbles. They are expected to paraphrase one another and expand their discussion based on new information. C3b. Collaborative learning is student-centered and based on interactive learning, which is a characteristic of Constructivism. Another constructivist idea that is shown through collaborative learning and small groups is students taking charge of their own learning. D. The video I am watching for this section is “Building Fluency through Developing Letter-Sound Relationships.” The Case number is 729. D1. There is 1 student in this video. He is 9 years old and in 3rd grade. He has developmental needs including sensory processing disorder, a difference in his vision, and a health impairment called Carnitine Deficiency. His medical condition causes low muscle tone which leads to fatigue and difficulty focusing and processing information. D2. The student in this video is in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial identity development.

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