OSF _ Independent Samples in Jamovi

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Apr 3, 2024

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Independent Samples in Jamovi and Writing a Research Report About the Study The data that you have been using in the lab assignments came from a real study conducted in the Psychology Subject Pool at a large university in southwestern United States. The participants were told about the study on the Subject Pool webpage. If they decided to participate, they were immediately sent to a short online questionnaire, which asked them the questions for which we have data. The questionnaire took about 15 minutes. After the participants completed the questionnaire, they were told more about how this data would be used in statistics assignments and were invited to email the investigator if they had any questions. Participants received research credit in return for their participation. Purpose This assignment will teach you how to write an APA-format research report that includes statistical analyses. This is the format you would use if you were writing an honors thesis, a conference presentation, a Master’s thesis, or a journal article. The purpose of this research report is to compare females and males in terms of how many dogs and cats they own. You will calculate two independent samples t-tests (one for dogs and one for cats) and 95% confidence intervals for the differences of the means. Then you will write a report describing your findings. Background Videos You may already be familiar with how to calculate descriptive statistics from other assignments; however, if you need a refresher, you could watch the following videos: 1. Descriptive statistics (5 minutes 26 seconds) 2. Computing means (3 minutes 54 seconds) Before starting this assignment, watch this short video to learn about independent samples t-tests: 1. Independent-Samples t-test (6 minutes 39 seconds) If you prefer written explanations of the steps involved, see Section 11.3 in Learning Statistics with Jamovi. Prepare Your Microsoft Word Document 1. Open a Microsoft Word document (or other word processing program, e.g., OpenOffice or GoogleDocs). 2. Atthe top of the document, type your full name, your section number, the date, and the name of the assignment. 3. Save the file with a file name that includes your full name and the assignment name. Example: “Carla Lopez PSY 210 Independent Samples in Jamovi.docx” 4. Copy and paste the following questions into your Word document. Answer them as you go through this assignment. Report numerical results to 2 decimal places and p-values to 3 decimal places. Q1.What was the mean and standard deviation of participant’s ages? Q2.How many participants said they were female? How many said they were male? How many did not answer this question?

Q3.Copy the sentence that summarizes the results of the independent sample t-test for dogs. Q4.Figure 1: Plot comparing female and male dog ownership Q5.1In this sample, who owns more cats, on average, males or females? Q6.Table showing Independent Samples t-test for cat ownership Q7.Using the same format as the sentence given for dogs, write a single sentence that summarizes the results of the independent sample t-test for cats. Q8.Figure 2: Plot comparing female and male cat ownership 9. Write a short APA-style report to summarize your research. Set Up Jamovi If you have not yet set up Jamovi for the computer you are now using: 1. Using the website jamovi.org, install Jamovi onto your computer. Use the “solid” version that is Recommended For Most Users. 2. Open Jamovi. 3. Inthis course, you should report your results to 2 decimal places. Therefore, set the number format so you can see 2 decimal places. To do this, a. Click on the three dots on the top right of the Jamovi screen to change your preferences. b. Look at the section for Results. c. For Number format, use the drop-down menu to change decimal places to 2 dp. Set Up p-values 1. In this course, you should report p-values to 3 decimal places. Therefore, set the p-value format so you can see 3 decimal places. To do this, a. Click on the three dots on the top right of the Jamovi screen to change your preferences. b. Look at the section for Results. c. For p-value format, use the drop-down menu to make sure decimal places is set to 3 dp. Data Set 1. Note: This assignment uses the recoded data set, not the original one. If you do not have the dataset Questionnaire Data Recoded.omv download it from the Open Science Framework. 2. Open this dataset in Jamovi. 3. Save your Jamovi file with a file name that includes your full name and the assignment name. Example: “Carla Lopez PSY 210 Independent Samples in Jamovi.omv” Describe the Sample Calculate descriptive statistics to describe the sample.

1 Calculate the mean and standard deviation of ages for all participants in the sample. Note that one of the 500 participants did not tell us their age. That’s okay. Answer question 1. Use a new analysis to get descriptive information for the variable sex. Use Frequency Tables to obtain the number of females and males in the sample. Note that one of the 500 participants did not tell us their sex. That’s okay. Answer question 2. Compare the Number of Dogs Owned by Females and Males In this section, we will compare the number dogs that females and males own. We will test the null hypothesis that the mean number dogs owned is the same for females and males (£.0:ifemates = fimales) Vs. the alternative hypothesis that the means are different (H1:ftfemales # fimales). 1 2. 3. Conduct an independent-samples t-test. Use the variables dogs (“How many dogs do you own?”) and group by sex (“Sex”). Request the Student’s t test. Under Additional Statistics, ask for the 95% Confidence interval for the Mean Difference, Descriptives, and Descriptive plots. Compare your results to mine. | found: Females owned an average of .77 dogs, while males owned an average of .43 dogs. The t-observed was 3.66 with 497 degrees of freedom and a p-value that was less than .001. The 95% confidence interval for the mean difference went from a lower limit of .16 to an upper limit of .52. Using these results, we would reject the null hypothesis that the mean number of dogs owned was the same for females and males. In Psychology, we would summarize the hypothesis test results in a single sentence, like this: Compared to males, females owned more dogs (t(497) = 3.66, p < .001; 95% confidence interval for the mean difference = [.16, .52]). Note that when summarizing an independent samples t-test, you need to start with a sentence that can be understood by someone who has never taken a statistics course: a sentence that summarizes what you found. This statement must say who you studied (e.g., females and males), what variable(s) you measured (e.g., dog ownership), and what you concluded (e.g., females own more). Then, in parentheses, give your statistical results: test statistic (degrees of freedom) = observed value, p = p-value, 95% confidence interval for the mean difference = [lower limit, upper limit]. Note that the test statistic (in our case t) and the symbol for p-value (p) are in italics. Copy and paste the sentence above (from point 6) into your Word document, as the answer to question 3. Copy the plot comparing female and male dog ownership and paste it to your Word document as your answer to question 4. Compare the Number of Cats Owned by Females and Males In this section, we will compare the number cats that females and males own. We will test the null hypothesis that the mean number cats owned is the same for females and males (Ho:{ifemales = fmates) vs. the alternative hypothesis that the means are different (H1:ftfemales # fimales).

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