Kaileeann Funderburk16

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Kaileeann Funderburk Southern New Hampshire University 4-2 Short Paper Montessori: The Forgotten Theory The techniques and approaches to education in the Montessori Method relates to theories of learning as it refers to learning and behaviorism because like Vygotsky and Piaget's cognitive development theories, she believed children learn through play, and that play can occur individually or in small groups. However, in Montessori education, this often includes a specific set of materials which children will play or engage with as they see fit with no set instruction. This is also education that has no rewards or punishments so children can independently complete activities aiding in their development rather than focusing on academic skills or prevalence (Terry, 2023). Behaviorism focuses on a child's behavior and how they learn from the environment around them. The two aspects that set Montessori education apart from a conventional classroom setting are the learning materials and the self-directed nature of learning from with the teacher guiding the students not directing. This way of learning promotes engagement with materials that are often self-selected and repeated, providing active engagement which gives their development freedom to learn from concrete to abstract concepts in a child-led mannerism (Marshal,2017). Piaget’s theory outlines four developmental stages and states that children will progress through each stage in their own time. However, it notes that their cognitive capabilities are limited to the ways of thinking that each stage outlines. Vygotsky’s theory suggests a child's

cognitive ability is progressing if the child is learning. This differs from Montessori who advocates that a child's learning potential will increase as long as they are developing. The way in which they are all similar is all highlight the importance of play. Different from Vygotsky who sees play as a learning tool, Montessori sees it as amusement; not meaningful work. The result of the differing approaches is the different environments for education, as well as the role different social backgrounds play in development (Demirbaga,2019). Despite its worldwide popularity the Montessori Method is less recognized by researchers in cognitive and learning fields and one of the reasons for that is that it is primarily focused on young children and she wasn’t able to fully develop ideas for education for adolescent children ranging from 12-18 years old within her lifetime, and because few Montessorian schools take children up to age 18 there are little to none published evaluations of its effectiveness for that entire age group (Marshal,2017). Montessori education teaches young children the similarities and differences between communities and cultures around the globe to boost awareness of a diverse and connected world. They do this by studying local regions, culture, and geography within the United States and then in the rest of the 6 continents; looking at the world instead of separated parts. The curriculum emphasizes children to be kind, empathetic and respectful by reinforcing grace and courtesy in lessons each day. In kindergarten children ages 5 and 6 will begin to look at geography, language, religion, and customs of different countries. They will listen to songs from different countries and often get the chance to try foods as well, teaching them to be respectful of the world around them and to be mindful of different views and values (2023). This makes it easily adaptable across diverse populations and demonstrates a form of diversity sensitive material that promotes an understandment of various cultures and people. It opens children's eyes to other cultures, languages, and beliefs instead of only the environment of the geographical location that they live in.

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