Chapter 7 Early Childhood Study Questions

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Chapter 7: Early Childhood Study Questions Dr. Quinn Developmental: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: Types of Play, Parenting Styles, Development of Empathy 1)According to Erikson, once preschoolers have a sense of autonomy, they become less _-----------than they were as toddlers. A) playful B) Industrious C) contrary D) purposeful 2.) Preschoolers’ self-concepts A) are typically abstract. B) are very concrete. C)f ocus mainly on personality traits. D) are overly critical. 3.)__------------------are a major means through which caregivers imbue the young child’s self-concept with cultural values. A)Concrete rewards B)Narratives C)Formal lessons D)Tall tales 4.) Four-year-old Hobie is asked to rate his competence in ice skating. He will probably A)say that ice skating is a girl’s sport and underestimate its difficulty. B)rate his own ability as extremely high and underestimate the difficulty of skating. C)rate his own ability as extremely low and overestimate the difficulty of skating. D)give an accurate assessment of his own ability, but overestimate the difficulty of skating. 5.) Adults can avoid promoting self-defeating reactions in children by A)adjusting their expectations to children’s capacities. B)only pointing out large mistakes. C)always giving them positive feedback, regardless of actual performance. D)only presenting them with easy tasks.

6.) Preschoolers are especially likely to engage in emotion talk A) during make-believe play. B) during solitary play. C) when being criticized by adults. D) with their teachers. 7.)_-------------------- contributes to preschoolers’ improved emotional self- regulation. A)Permissive child rearing B)Authoritarian child rearing C)Language D)Family size 8.) Research on emotional self-regulation demonstrates that A) the frequency of emotional outbursts increases during the preschool years. B) preschoolers know they can blunt emotions by restricting sensory input. C) fears are uncommon during the preschool years because young children have good self-regulatory skills. D) preschoolers do not yet understand that they can blunt emotions by restricting sensory input. 9.) Inhibiting impulses and shifting attention through ------------------------are vital in managing emotion during early childhood. A) effortful control B) parental redirection C) sensory stimulation D) self-awareness 10.) Four-year-old Tristan experiences negative emotion intensely. He is more likely than other children to A) talk to himself to adjust his emotional arousal. B) react with anger or aggression when he is frustrated. C) try to blunt his emotions by restricting sensory input. D) ask for adult help when he becomes frustrated 11.) An important motivator of prosocial behavior is A) sympathy. B) empathy. C) emotional self-regulation. D)fear of punishment.

12.) Empathy A)always yields acts of kindness and helpfulness. B)always leads to sympathy. C)can escalate self-focused personal distress in some children. D)is especially well-developed in shy, inhibited children. 13.) According to social learning theorists, children learn to behave morally A)largely through operant conditioning . B)because prosocial acts often occur spontaneously and then are positively reinforced. C)because they feel empathy-based guilt. D)by observing and imitating people who demonstrate appropriate behavior. 14.)Frequent punishment A)promotes moral development and prosocial behavior. B)promotes immediate compliance, but not lasting changes in behavior. C)is more common with school-age children than with toddlers and preschoolers. D)produces lasting changes in children’s behavior. 15.). Studies of empathy in young children indicate that they a. totally ignore a distressed child's call for help. b. do respond in helpful ways to a distressed child. c. are not able to respond appropriately to a distressed child. d. most often respond to a distressed child by simply fleeing from the situation. ANS: b REF: LO 8; page 226 16.) Which of the following is supported by research on sex differences in aggression? A)Although girls have a reputation for being both more verbally and relationally aggressive than boys, the sex difference is small. B)Contrary to popular belief, girls are more physically aggressive than boys during the preschool years. C)Girls are significantly more likely than boys to engage in verbal and relational aggression. D)Throughout early and middle childhood, girls tend to inflict harm in more variable ways than boys do.

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