Sensation and Perception Worksheet

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University of Utah *

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2050

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Psychology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by DoctorMoon13389

Sensation and Perception Web Quest Part One: Read the article about sensation and percepti HYPERLINK "https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/sensation-versus- perception/? fbclid=IwAR2BKC2UattYsMHeylFigG6GNhvf1CcWPqSXmUFcRK8hmRp2TLxAnKV9C8 M"on and answer the questions below. • What is sensation? Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli. When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor • What is perception?Perception is the cognitive process through which individuals interpret sensory information to make sense of their environment. • What are sensory receptors? Where do you find them? Sensory receptors detect stimuli and convert them into electrical signals interpreted by the nervous system. Sensory receptors are found all over the body, including in the skin, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, muscles, joints, and internal organs. • Define the term transduction as it relates to sensation and perception. You may need to go to your textbook for this one. Transduction is the process where sensory receptors convert physical energy into neural signals that the brain can interpret. This enables us to perceive and become consciously aware of the sensory information. • Define the term absolute threshold. Give an example of how a stimulus in your life did or did not pass your absolute threshold. Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulus intensity required for detection at least 50% of the time. For example, a whisper reaching a certain loudness where it becomes noticeable is the absolute threshold for hearing. Stimuli either pass or fail to meet the threshold. For instance, the sound of raindrops surpassing the threshold, while the faint ticking of a clock failing to meet the threshold for detection. • What is a stimulus below your absolute threshold called? a subliminal stimulus • What is the mere-exposure effect? How does it occur? Give an example of a time you were influenced by the mere-exposure effect. The mere-exposure effect is a phenomenon where repeated exposure to something leads to increased familiarity, which results in a preference for that thing. This is because familiarity breeds liking.

For example, when starting a new job, the layout of the office and the procedures may initially feel overwhelming. But, as you become more familiar with the environment, you may develop a preference for certain aspects of the setup, like the location of your desk. This preference develops through repeated exposure and familiarity. • What is just noticeable difference (jnd) or the difference threshold? Just noticeable difference (JND) is the minimum change required for an individual to perceive that a change has occurred between two stimuli. It's important in understanding how humans perceive changes in stimuli and how sensitive our sensory systems are to detecting these changes. • Explain Weber’s Law. Weber's Law, formulated by Ernst Weber, states that the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the size of the stimuli. It implies that detecting changes in a stimulus depends on the initial magnitude or intensity of that stimulus. This law has applications in various fields such as psychophysics, marketing, and product design. • Give a real-world example of how just noticeable difference (JND) can change as a function of stimulus intensity. The perception of brightness is a good example of how the just noticeable difference (JND) varies according to stimulus intensity. In a dimly lit room, a small increase in light would exceed your JND for brightness, but in a well-lit environment, you may not notice the same change. As stimulus intensity rises, so does the JND, making it harder to detect small changes. This aligns with Weber's Law, which states that the JND is proportional to the stimulus magnitude. • Explain the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing. Top-down processing involves pre-existing knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory information. It's concept-driven and relies on cognitive factors. Bottom-up processing provides the raw data, while top-down processing provides the context and meaning. These two processes work together to help us make sense of the world around us. • Imagine that you enter a classroom that smells of burnt popcorn. It smells terrible when you first arrive, but after a few minutes you no longer notice the smell. Explain why this is. when you smell burnt popcorn in a classroom, your olfactory receptors detect the odor and send the information to your brain. Initially, the smell is intense, but as time passes, your receptors become less responsive to the odor, resulting in a weaker perception of the smell. Therefore, after a few minutes, you no longer notice the smell as strongly as you did when you first entered the classroom due to sensory adaptation. • What is signal detection theory? Signal detection theory explains decision-making in noise or uncertainty. It originated in psychophysics and is applied in various fields. Key components include signal, noise,

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