PSY-2410-Unit-3-Practice-Exam-1

Intro To Clinical Psychology Unit 3 Practice Exam Roomal Seferaj Question: How do newer pain models differ from traditional approaches in their treatment and understanding of pain? • A) Newer models use only medication, while traditional models use physical therapy. • B) Newer models focus on deactivating the brain’s danger alarm to reduce or eliminate pain, whereas traditional models view pain as chronic and focus on improving function. • C) Traditional models emphasize surgery, whereas newer models use acupuncture. • D) Newer models consider pain purely psychological, while traditional models see it as purely physical. Question: In what way does the Integrative Assessment and Treatment Model for Primary/Nociplastic Pain link trauma/emotional conflict to chronic pain? • A) By focusing solely on physical rehabilitation. • B) Through the use of traditional painkillers to address emotional trauma. • C) By identifying and addressing emotional conflicts and trauma as underlying factors of chronic pain. • D) Ignoring emotional aspects and concentrating only on the physical manifestations of pain. Question: According to newer pain models, what are the two principal objectives in treating primary pain? • A) The two key targets are increasing belief and brain control of pain. • B) Eliminating the use of medications and focusing on surgical interventions. • C) Relying exclusively on physical therapy and ignoring mental health. • D) Enhancing physical strength and completely avoiding pain management strategies. Question: Which interventions are considered effective in the indicated prevention of infectious diseases? • A) Avoiding vaccinations and relying on natural immunity. • B) Using broad-spectrum antibiotics as a preventive measure for all patients. • C) Implementing mask-wearing protocols in hospitals and administering prophylactic meds for poten- tial Lyme’s disease exposure. • D) Promoting a complete ban on international travel. 1

Question: How does the Risk Reduction Model approach the prevention of health risks and the promotion of well-being? • A) By focusing solely on the individual’s genetics and fixed characteristics. • B) Through a research-based approach that identifies and modifies risk and protective factors both within and outside the individual, incorporating mental health promotion and resilience-building activities. • C) By exclusively concentrating on external societal factors without considering individual behavior. • D) Through the implementation of a one-size-fits-all solution that disregards individual differences. Question: What strategies can effectively enhance one’s problem-solving abilities? • A) Strategies for improving problem-solving skills include practicing critical thinking and problem- solving, adopting a growth mindset, embracing challenges and learning from failures, and nurturing strong social networks for support and feedback. • B) Relying solely on memorization and repetitive tasks to improve problem-solving skills. • C) Avoiding challenges and sticking to familiar tasks to prevent failure. • D) Isolating oneself from social interactions to focus better on problem-solving tasks. Question: What are known risk factors contributing to the development of internalizing disorders like anxiety and depression? • A) A preference for spicy food, high IQ, and urban living. • B) Risk factors include inhibited temperament, avoidant coping styles, overprotective parenting, and parental anxiety. • C) Frequent exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep. • D) High socioeconomic status, strong social connections, and job satisfaction. Question: How can the effectiveness of prevention programs be assessed? • A) Solely by the program’s popularity and the number of participants. • B) By evaluating the decline in incidence rates of the target disorder post-implementation, offering insights into the program’s success and potential adaptability for other high-risk groups. • C) By the program’s budget and financial investment alone. • D) Based on subjective feedback without any quantitative measures. Question: Which evidence-based interventions have proven effective in diminishing the rates of internalizing disorders like anxiety and depression? • A) Psychologist- and teacher-led programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing the incidence of anxiety and depression. • B) Unstructured group discussions without professional guidance. • C) Sole reliance on medication without any psychotherapeutic intervention. • D) Isolation and avoidance of social interactions. 2

Question: What are recognized risk factors associated with the onset of depression? • A) Extensive physical exercise, high levels of self-esteem, and frequent travel. • B) Limited interpersonal skills, exposure to parental depression, marital conflict, and experiencing negative life events. • C) High academic achievement, financial stability, and living in urban areas. • D) Regular meditation, strong social support networks, and a balanced diet. Question: What is the primary objective of trauma exposure prevention programs? • A) To enhance entertainment and leisure activities post-trauma. • B) The main aim is to facilitate effective coping with grief and loss and to reduce the adverse impacts of trauma exposure. • C) To ignore the trauma and focus on unrelated life goals. • D) To encourage repression of traumatic memories as a coping strategy. Question: How do universal preventive interventions differ from selective preventive interventions? • A) Universal interventions are designed for individuals with a high genetic predisposition, whereas selective interventions are for the general public. • B) Universal preventive interventions are intended for the entire population, regardless of risk level, whereas selective interventions are aimed at those at higher risk for a specific issue. • C) Selective interventions are mandatory, while universal interventions are voluntary. • D) Universal interventions focus on a single risk factor, while selective interventions address multiple risk factors simultaneously. Question: What constitutes protective factors against the development of problems or disorders in children? • A) Protective factors include a challenging academic environment, competitive sports, and high socioeconomic status. • B) Characteristics such as a nurturing family environment, access to healthcare, and effective coping strategies serve as protective factors. • C) Exposure to frequent changes in residence, high-stress levels, and peer pressure. • D) Limited access to education, solitary hobbies, and high parental expectations. Question: What is the fundamental aim of implementing evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders? • A) The primary goal is to promote treatments that are popular and widely used, regardless of their research backing. • B) The main objective is to offer treatment modalities proven to be effective through rigorous research, like randomized controlled trials, for anxiety disorders. • C) To prioritize treatments that are quickest and easiest to administer. • D) To focus on treatments that are the most cost-effective, irrespective of their efficacy. 3

Question: What are the limitations of relying solely on clinical experience and case examples when evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy? • A) They may not represent the broader population due to limited sample sizes. • B) They are subject to practitioner bias and interpretation. • C) They lack the rigorous controls of experimental studies. • D) They provide qualitative insights that are difficult to generalize. Question: What is the main purpose of meta-analysis in psychotherapy research? • A) To assess the reliability of therapy outcomes over time. • B) To combine the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about the effectiveness of different treatments. • C) To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches. • D) To explore new therapeutic methods and their potential applications. Question: How does meta-analysis account for differences in sample size between studies? • A) By assigning more weight to studies with higher participant dropout rates. • B) By giving equal weight to all studies regardless of sample size. • C) Meta-analysis takes sample size into account, so smaller studies have less influence on the overall findings than larger studies. • D) By excluding studies with sample sizes below a certain threshold. Question: What is the D value in meta-analysis? • A) The D value in meta-analysis is a standardized measure of effect size that expresses the difference between the treatment and control groups in standard deviation units or correlations. • B) A statistical test for heterogeneity among the included studies. • C) The degree of bias in publication of psychotherapy research. • D) A measure of the variance within each study. Question: What are the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder? • A) The most effective treatments for major depressive disorder include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and psychodynamic therapy. Medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can also be used. • B) Lifestyle interventions, such as exercise and diet modifications. • C) Alternative medicine approaches, like acupuncture and herbal supplements. • D) Long-term hospitalization and inpatient care. Question: What are some effective treatments for anxiety disorders in children? 4